China Power: Status Energy, Economy, Environment

Carbon Chain Growth by Sequential Reactions of CO and CO2 with a Transition Metal Carbonyl Complex

10.26434/chemrxiv.7064474 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Kong ◽

Mark Crimmin

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Metal Carbonyl ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Chain Growth ◽

Carbonyl Complex ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Carbon Chains ◽

Sequential Coupling ◽

Energy Economy ◽

Sequential Reactions

<i>The formation of carbon chains by the coupling of COx (X = 1 or 2) units on transition metals is a fundamental step relevant to Fischer-Tropsch catalysis. Fischer-Tropsch catalysis produces energy dense liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas (CO and H2) and has been a mainstay of the energy economy since its discovery nearly a century ago. Despite detailed studies aimed at elucidating the steps of catalysis, experimental evidence for chain growth (Cn to Cn+1 ; n > 2) from the reaction of CO with metal complexes is unprecedented. In this paper, we show that carbon chains can be grown from sequential reactions of CO or CO2 with a transition metal carbonyl complex. By exploiting the cooperative effect of transition and main group metals, we document the first example of chain propagation from sequential coupling of CO units (C1 to C3 to C4), along with the first example of incorporation of CO2 into the growing carbon chain.</i><br>

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Energy, Economy, and Its Environment in China

Chinese Economic Studies ◽

10.2753/ces1097-1475290142 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 42-75

Author(s):

Song Zhao

Keyword(s):

Energy Economy

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Farzana Naqvi. Energy, Economy and Equity Interactions in a CGE Model for Pakistan. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1997. Hardbound. Price not given. xxii+290 pages.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v38i2pp.219-222 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 219-222

Author(s):

Hina Nazli

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Commodity Prices ◽

Government Revenue ◽

Foreign Markets ◽

Nontraded Goods ◽

Real Gdp ◽

International Donor ◽

Energy Economy ◽

Balance Of Trade ◽

Donor Agencies

Modernisation of the agricultural, industrial and household sectors causes the demand for energy to increase more rapidly than its supply. In countries that aim to modernise quickly a heavy investment is required to redress this imbalance. That is why in countries such as Pakistan, the energy has remained on the top of the agenda of loan negotiation with international donor agencies. Energy serves as both a final consumption good and as an essential intermediate input in the production of goods. Thus any change in the price of energy at both these levels affects consumption as well as production and that, in turn, can cause changes in the prices of all other commodities. A change in the prices of exportables affects their demand in foreign markets and any change in the prices of import-competing and nontraded goods affects their demand at home. The net effects of all these changes can be measured in terms of the effects on real GDP, balance of trade, and government revenue. And, because any change in commodity prices exerts a negative impact on real consumption of households; the formulation of a comprehensive energy policy requires a framework that can take the immense complexity of the linkages of all the sectors of the economy into consideration. In the book under review, Dr Farzana Naqvi, argues that the issues of energy pricing can not be examined in isolation and presents a general equilibrium framework to address the complex issues related to energy, economy and equity.

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Attaining a solar energy economy with active thin film structures

10.2172/132828 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

R.B. Goldner

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Economy

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Global Sustainability Crossroads: A Participatory Simulation Game to Educate in the Energy and Sustainability Challenges of the 21st Century

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11133672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 3672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iñigo Capellán-Pérez ◽

David Álvarez-Antelo ◽

Luis J. Miguel

Keyword(s):

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Simulation Game ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Global Sustainability ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Environment Model ◽

Participatory Simulation ◽

Simulation Group ◽

Energy Economy ◽

Sustainability Challenges

There is a general need to facilitate citizens’ understanding of the global sustainability problem with the dual purpose of raising their awareness of the seriousness of the problem and helping them get closer to understanding the complexity of the solutions. Here, the design and application of the participatory simulation game Global Sustainability Crossroads is described, based on a global state-of-the-art energy–economy–environment model, which creates a virtual scenario where the participants are confronted with the design of climate mitigation strategies as well as the social, economic, and environmental consequences of decisions. The novelty of the game rests on the global scope and the representation of the drivers of anthropogenic emissions within the MEDEAS-World model, combined with a participatory simulation group dynamic flexible enough to be adapted to a diversity of contexts and participants. The performance of 13 game workshops with ~420 players has shown it has a significant pedagogical potential: the game is able to generate discussions on crucial topics which are usually outside the public realm such as the relationship between economic growth and sustainability, the role of technology, how human desires are limited by biophysical constraints or the possibility of climate tipping points.

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Researches on Adaptive Cruise Control system: A state of the art review

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/09544070211019254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440702110192

Author(s):

Liangyao Yu ◽

Ruyue Wang

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Cruise Control ◽

Driving Safety ◽

Cruise Control ◽

Driver Assistance Systems ◽

Human Machine Interaction ◽

System A ◽

Cruise Control System ◽

Preceding Vehicle ◽

Energy Economy ◽

Machine Interaction

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is one of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) which takes over vehicle longitudinal control under necessary driving scenarios. Vehicle in ACC mode automatically adjusts speed to follow the preceding vehicle based on evaluation of the surrounding traffic. ACC reduces drivers’ workload as well as improves driving safety, energy economy, and traffic flow. This article provides a comprehensive review of the researches on ACC. Firstly, an overview of ACC controller and applied control theories are introduced. Their principles and performances are discussed. Secondly, several application cases of ACC control algorithms are presented. Then validation work including simulation, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test and on-road experiment is descripted to provide ideas for testing ACC systems for different aims and fidelities. In addition, studies on human-machine interaction are also summarized in this review to provide insights on development of ACC from the perspective of users. At last, challenges and potential directions in this field is discussed, including consideration of vehicle dynamics properties, contradiction between algorithm performance and computation as well as integration of ACC to other intelligent functions on vehicles.

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