Prediction of Local Government Revenue using Data Mining Method

Local Government Revenue or commonly abbreviated as PAD is part of regional income which is a source of regional financing used to finance the running of government in a regional government. Each local government must plan Local Government Revenue for the coming year so that a forecasting method is needed to determine the Local Government Revenue value for the coming year. This study discusses several methods for predicting Local Government Revenue by using data on the realization of Local Government Revenue in the previous years. This study proposes three methods for forecasting local Government revenue. The three methods used in this research are Multiple Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network, and Deep Learning. In this study, the data used is Local Revenue data from 2010 to 2020. The research was conducted using RapidMiner software and the CRISP-DM framework. The tests carried out showed an RMSE value of 97 billion when using the Multiple Linear Regression method and R2 of 0,942, the ANN method shows an RMSE value of 135 billion and R2 of 0.911, and the Deep Learning method shows the RMSE value of 104 billion and R2 of 0.846. This study shows that for the prediction of Local Government Revenue, the Multiple Linear Regression method is better than the ANN or Deep Learning method. Keywords— Local Government Revenue, Multiple Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network, Deep Learning, Coefficient of Determination

The Causal Relation between Revenue and Expenditure of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing country that has been experiencing budget deficits since its independence in 1971. It means the government spending has been exceeding the government revenue. This phenomenon calls for a study of government spending or expenditure and government revenue. This study tries to establish a causal relation between expenditure and revenue of governments of Bangladesh. To accomplish this, this study uses the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the Granger Causality model on the data for the financial year from 1993-1994 to 2017-2018. The study reveals that in the context of Bangladesh, total revenue affects total expenditure, whereas total expenditure does not affect total revenue.

EFEKTIVITAS PENYELENGGARAAN RANPERDA PADA DPRD KABUPATEN PANGKEP

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis: 1) Kualitas penyelenggaraan Ranperda pada DPRD Kabupaten Pangkep. 2) implementasi penyelenggaraan Ranperda pada DPRD Kabupaten Pangkep. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan pada DPRD Kabupaten Pangkep. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Kualitas penyelenggaraan Ranperda pada DPRD Kabupaten Pangkep bahwa dengan adanya tujuan sebagai dasar hukum bagi APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah), melaksanakan perintah peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi, menambah pendapatan pemerintah daerah, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya masyarakat di Kabupaten Pangkep. Kejelasan strategi yang ditunjukkan dengan langkah-langkah penyelenggaraan Ranperda dalam pengusulan Ranperda, pembuatan naskah akademik melibatkan pihak ketiga yang di dalamnya terdapat orang-orang ahli, uji publik dalam rangka melihat respons masyarakat, pengajuan Ranperda untuk dibahas di DPRD, pengesahan Ranperda menjadi Perda, dan Sosialisasi Perda (Sosper). Penyusunan program dalam penyelenggaraan Ranperda dengan adanya pembahasan Ranperda melalui Bapemperda (Badan Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah), Panitia Khusus (Pansus), dan gabungan dari beberapa komisi di DPRD Kabupaten Pangkep. Ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana penyelenggaraan Ranperda dalam hal dana anggaran masih kurang maksimal sehingga menjadi faktor yang menghambat dalam penyelenggaraan Ranperda. 2) Implementasi penyelenggaraan Ranperda pada DPRD Kabupaten Pangkep dideskripsikan bahwa komunikasi ditinjau dalam tiga aspek yaitu: (1) transmisi dilakukan dalam bentuk uji publik dan sosialisasi Perda yang bertujuan menginformasikan kepada masyarakat terkait adanya Ranperda yang akan dibahas dan ditetapkan menjadi Perda, (2) pemberian kejelasan juga dilakukan dalam bentuk uji publik dimana melalui uji publik, masyarakat memperoleh informasi yang jelas terkait adanya Ranperda, dan (3) konsistensi ditunjukkan dengan adanya pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan Ranperda berdasarkan perintah UU No. 12 tahun 2011 tentang pengembangan undang-undang dan pedoman. This study aims to determine and analyze: 1) The quality of the implementation of the Ranperda at the Pangkep Regency DPRD. 2) implementation of the implementation of the Ranperda at the Pangkep Regency DPRD. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive type. The research was conducted at the Pangkep Regency DPRD. The results of the study show that: 1) The quality of the implementation of the Ranperda at the Pangkep Regency DPRD is that with the aim of being the legal basis for the Regional Budget (Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget), carrying out higher laws and regulations, increasing local government revenue, and improving people's welfare. especially people in Pangkep Regency. The clarity of the strategy shown by the steps for implementing the Ranperda in proposing the Ranperda, making an academic manuscript involving third parties in which there are experts, public testing in order to see the community's response, submitting the Ranperda to be discussed in the DPRD, ratification of the Ranperda into a Perda, and Socialization of Regional Regulations (Sosper). Preparation of the program in the implementation of the Ranperda with the discussion of the Ranperda through the Bapemperda (Regional Regulation Formation Agency), the Special Committee (Pansus), and a combination of several commissions in the Pangkep Regency DPRD. The availability of facilities and infrastructure for the implementation of the Ranperda in terms of budget funds is still less than optimal so that it becomes a factor that hinders the implementation of the Ranperda. 2) Implementation of the implementation of the Ranperda at the Pangkep Regency DPRD describes that communication is reviewed in three aspects, namely: (1) the transmission is carried out in the form of a public test and dissemination of the Perda which aims to inform the public regarding the existence of a Ranperda that will be discussed and stipulated as a Regional Regulation, (2) granting Clarity is also carried out in the form of a public test where through a public test, the public obtains clear information regarding the existence of a Ranperda, and (3) consistency is shown by the implementation of the implementation of a Ranperda based on the order of Law no. 12 of 2011 concerning the development of laws and guidelines.

Turning land into capital? The expansion and extraction of value in Laos

Since 2006, the government of Laos has pursued a policy of “Turning Land into Capital”, which broadly refers to the generation of economic value from the marketization of land, producing not only profit but also government revenue and economic development. The policy's ambiguity raises questions regarding the precise political-economic processes at work and what exactly the transformation of land into capital might mean. Building on Marxist theorizations of land, value, capital, and rent, this paper argues that land under capitalism does not only operate as a rent-bearing asset, in which value is extracted from elsewhere. Land can also be treated as a real form of capital, or capitalized, when its social relations are transformed to facilitate value expansion and act as a store of value mobilized for further investment. It is imperative to investigate how land is used to expand value as capital, extract value as rent, or do both. This paper examines four manifestations of the Turning Land into Capital policy to outline the contours of struggles and contestations over the production and distribution of value in the Lao political economy.

Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan pada Pusat Pendapatan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Tulang Bawang

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect the financial performance of government revenue centers. Research Methodology: Qualitative descriptive method is the method used in this research. The factors that influence the financial performance of the Regional Agency of Tulang Bawang Regency increasing the realization of Regional Revenue are described in this study, in order to identify the causes of the unrealized local revenue. Results: Judging from the efficiency factor, it shows that financial performance is classified as very efficient and after analyzing various factors, a strategy is sought that can be used by the Regional Revenue Service of Tulang Bawang Regency to provide an increase in the level of regional basic income which is the purpose of this study. Limitations: The implementation of the research will definitely be faced with its limitations, both in the results of the research discussion and the questionnaire questions in the research. This research cannot explain further about Regional Levies because in this case, the Regional Revenue Agency is only the coordinator of Regional Original Revenue. Contribution: In the future, this research is also expected to be a reference for the Regional Revenue Agency of Tulang Bawang Regency in order to increase the realization of the initial income of Tulang Bawang Regency.

FDI - A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

Foreign Direct Investment provides maximum benefits to developing countries, it helps to boost the economy development , generate employment opportunities , also help to provide professional skills , better customer services and also increases government revenue , FDI results in maximum benefit for the targeted country then the foreign invest , even during this pandemic situation , India is the only country that has achieved maximum benefit from FDI , China , Japan and Saudi Arabia also have achieved benefits from FDI in 2020. FDI investment in 2020 was mostly from Singapore and United States , there are many countries which invest in India , it is the largest beneficiary in South Asia , and third ranks in the international market , Maximum countries want to invest in India , India is growing very fast with FDI . However there are a few advantages also of FDI in India , it is disadvantage for the small industries to cope with high MNCs and also there are times when it might result in exchange crisis and many other . FDI in India will be amplified in the upcoming years. Keywords: FDI, developing countries, employment, India, beneficiary, investment, international market

Regional Government Revenue Forecasting: Risk Factors of Investment Financing

Accurate revenue prediction is a key factor for the reliable determination of the investment part of entire regional and local budgets, particularly during economic downturns and fiscal uncertainty. An unexpected decline in revenue requires the reduction in capital expenditures and forces the regional government to find additional sources to close the budget gaps. Current studies indicate that budget forecasts often underpredict revenue and use the available information inefficiently. In this article, the authors examine chosen methods of forecasting regional government revenue. In addition to classical forecasting models based on time series and causal models, an original structural forecasting procedure was proposed, which is effective especially in case of data delay. The reliability of applied methods was assessed using data from the Polish area of Zachodniopomorskie over the period 2000–2018. The found evidence supported results that were obtained by many other researchers, which indicated that less comprehensive methods of forecasting can provide reasonably accurate estimates.

Treasury Single Account And Financial Discipline: A Causality Analysis

Government revenue is the most critical variable that determines the level of expenditure, investment and growth of the economy. This study assessed the pre government revenue and the post government revenue generation outcomes using Treasury Single Account’s effective year of implementation as the baseline in Nigeria. The study sought to assess whether or not government revenue had changed significantly on the adoption of TSA. To drive this objective, government revenues were collated for 2010 – 2014 (pre TSA) and 2015-2019 (post TSA) from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study applied the paired sampled t-test to determine whether or not government revenue had increased significantly in the post TSA years of adoption. Findings showed that there is a significant increase in government revenue after the adoption of TSA in Nigeria. Following this finding, the study recommended that internal control system should be strengthened in government Ministries and Parastatals to forestall revenue leakages, and that public servants should be properly trained on the efficient application of TAS software. Also, the federal government should put in place Budget Monitoring Group to constantly monitor revenue targets and control expenditure limits.