Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a survey

2000 ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlie C. de los Reyes ◽  
Robert T. Koda ◽  
Eric J. Lien
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Glycosaminoglycans from growing antlers of wapiti (Cervus elaphus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Sunwoo ◽  
L. Y. M. Sim ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
R. J. Hudson ◽  
J. S. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissues ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Velvet Antler

The emerging wapiti industry in North America is based largely on markets for velvet antlers which are used in oriental medicine. Despite the economic opportunity, enthusiasm has been dampened by incomplete understanding of the chemical and pharmacological properties of velvet antler. This study characterizes polysaccharide constituents of glycosaminoglycans in growing antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus). Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from four sections (tip, upper, middle and base) of growing antlers, and were studied using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, enzymatic digestion and gel chromatography. The tip and upper sections of the antler which are rich in cartilaginous tissues contained chondroitin sulfate as a major glycosaminoglycan with small amounts of hyaluronic acid. In the middle and base sections containing bone and bone marrow, chondroitin sulfate was also a major glycosaminoglycan with small amounts of hyaluronic acid and chondroitinase-ACI resistant materials. More than half of chondroitin sulfate from the middle and base sections had larger molecular size than did the chondroitin sulfates from the tip and upper sections. Key words: Glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate, antler, wapiti

scholarly journals Isolation and structural studies of heparan sulfates and chondroitin sulfates from three species of molluscs.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. 1431-1435
Author(s):  
H B Nader ◽  
T M Ferreira ◽  
J F Paiva ◽  
M G Medeiros ◽  
S M Jerônimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Heparan Sulfates

scholarly journals Analyses of Rabbit Platelet Proteo-Chondroitin Sulfates Localized on the Surface and in the Granules.

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio IMANARI ◽  
Toshihiro OGUMA ◽  
Hiroshi AKIYAMA ◽  
Hidenao TOYODA ◽  
Ichiro KOSHIISHI
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in the isolated perfused rat lung

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1648-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Sampson ◽  
R. B. Boyd ◽  
G. G. Pietra ◽  
A. P. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Isolated Lung ◽  
Microscopic Studies

The suitability of an isolated lung, perfused under carefully monitored conditions, for the study of the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans was examined for the rat lung using either [35S]-sulfate or [6-3H]glucosamine. Metabolic and electron-microscopic studies after 3 h of perfusion showed that under the conditions of this study the isolated lung showed no anatomical or metabolic derangements. All glycosaminoglycans normally synthesized in the intact lung were identified. The predominant glycosaminoglycan was heparan sulfate (40% of total). Approximately 14% of the glucosamine incorporated into the glycosaminoglycans was found in hyaluronic acid. Less than 5% of either label was in heparin. The remainder of the synthesized glycosaminoglycans, with the exception of 10% which could not be identified, consisted of the chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate. The relative proportions of the newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans, including the low amounts of heparin, are similar to those found in isolation of endogenous lung glycosaminoglycans. The isolated perfused rat lung appears to be a useful model for the study of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by the intact lung.

Detection of chondroitin sulfates and decorin in developing fetal and neonatal rat lung

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. L484-L490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiong Wang ◽  
Kaori Sakamoto ◽  
Jody Khosla ◽  
Philip L. Sannes
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Monospecific Antibodies

Chondroitin sulfates and their related proteoglycans are components of extracellular matrix that act as key determinants of growth and differentiation characteristics of developing lungs. Changes in their immunohistochemical distribution during progressive organ maturation were examined with monospecific antibodies to chondroitin sulfate, a nonbasement membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, and the specific chondroitin sulfate-containing proteoglycan decorin in whole fetuses and lungs from newborn and adult rats. Alveolar and airway extracellular matrix immunostained heavily in the prenatal rat for both chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, whereas decorin was confined to developing airways and vessels. These sites retained their respective levels of reactivity with all antibodies through 1–10 days postnatal but thereafter became progressively more diminished and focal in alveolar regions. The heavy staining seen early in development was interpreted to reflect a significant and wide distribution of chondroitin sulfates, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and decorin in rapidly growing tissues, whereas the reduced and more focal reactivity observed at later time points coincided with known focal patterns of localization of fibrillar elements of the extracellular matrix and a more differentiated state.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes as Tools for the Development of New Pharmaceuticals

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Benito-Arenas ◽  
Sandra Zárate ◽  
Julia Revuelta ◽  
Agatha Bastida
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Chondroitin sulfates are linear anionic sulfated polysaccharides found in biological tissues, mainly within the extracellular matrix, which are degraded and altered by specific lyases depending on specific time points. These polysaccharides have recently acquired relevance in the pharmaceutical industry due to their interesting therapeutic applications. As a consequence, chondroitin sulfate (CS) lyases have been widely investigated as tools for the development of new pharmaceuticals based on these polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major breakthrough represented by chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes and their structures and mechanisms of function in addition to their major applications.

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