Alternative Semantics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Rooth
Keyword(s):  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Alternative Semantics ◽  
Recursive Definition ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Semantics Of Questions ◽  
Contrastive Topic ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Prosodic Focus

This chapter presents the semantics and pragmatics of prosodic focus in alternative semantics. Half a dozen examples are given of empirical phenomena that are to be covered by the theory. Then a syntax marking the locus, scope, and antecedent for focus is introduced. The syntax is interpreted semantically and pragmatically by a presupposition involving alternatives. The alternative sets that are used in the definition are computed compositionally using a recursive definition. Alternatives are also employed in the semantics of questions, and this ties in with the phenomenon of question-answer congruence, where the position of focus in an answer matches questioned positions in the question. A different semantic interpretation for focus is entailment semantics, which uses a generalized entailment condition in place of a condition involving alternatives. The semantic and pragmatic interpretation for contrastive topic uses an additional layer of alternatives. Independent of focus, alternatives are deployed in the semantics of disjunction and of negative polarity items.

(Contrastive) Topic

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Büring
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Semantics ◽  
Contrastive Topic ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics

This chapter discusses the semantics and pragmatics of contrastive topics vis-à-vis focus. A semi-formal characterization of its main properties is given, using the techniques of alternative semantics and questions under discussion. This treatment is compared to various analyses proposed in the literature for contrastive topics and arguably related constructions, such as the English rise–fall–rise contour. Finally a brief discussion of non-contrastive topics is provided.

Development of Instruments for Assessing Linguistic Intelligence in Elementary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dea Sinta Maharani ◽  
Otang Kurniaman
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Intelligence Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Homeroom Teachers

Linguistic intelligence is one of eight multiple intelligences that currently attracts attention in the world of education. Linguistic intelligence is a person's ability to speak both verbally and in writing, besides that people who have linguistic intelligence also master the components of linguistic intelligence which consists of phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The type of research used is research and development (R & D) with a 4D model. The subjects in this study were experts as validators, fifth grade students for trials and homeroom teachers in elementary schools. Data collection is done by giving a questionnaire to the validator. In this study the researchers concluded that the product of the developed linguistic intelligence assessment instrument was declared feasible to be used based on the results of validation of 86% with very feasible categories. The obstacle in developing the product of this instrument of linguistic intelligence assessment is the lack of knowledge of the school about the importance of linguistic intelligence for students in elementary schools. 

Intonation of Contrastive Topic in Estonian

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heete Sahkai ◽  
Meelis Mihkla
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Topic

Speech Acts in Discourse Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craige Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Grammatical Mood ◽  
The Relationship

This essay sketches an approach to speech acts in which mood does not semantically determine illocutionary force. The conventional content of mood determines the semantic type of the clause in which it occurs, and, given the nature of discourse, that type most naturally lends itself to a particular type of speech act, i.e. one of the three basic types of language game moves—making an assertion (declarative), posing a question (interrogative), or proposing to one’s addressee(s) the adoption of a goal (imperative). There is relative consensus about the semantics of two of these, the declarative and interrogative; and this consensus view is entirely compatible with the present proposal about the relationship between the semantics and pragmatics of grammatical mood. Hence, the proposal is illustrated with the more controversial imperative.

New Work on Speech Acts

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
New Work ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Relationship

The essays collected in this book represent recent advances in our understanding of speech acts-actions like asserting, asking, and commanding that speakers perform when producing an utterance. The study of speech acts spans disciplines, and embraces both the theoretical and scientific concerns proper to linguistics and philosophy as well as the normative questions that speech acts raise for our politics, our societies, and our ethical lives generally. It is the goal of this book to reflect the diversity of current thinking on speech acts as well as to bring these conversations together, so that they may better inform one another. Topics explored in this book include the relationship between sentence grammar and speech act potential; the fate of traditional frameworks in speech act theory, such as the content-force distinction and the taxonomy of speech acts; and the ways in which speech act theory can illuminate the dynamics of hostile and harmful speech. The book takes stock of well over a half century of thinking about speech acts, bringing this classicwork in linewith recent developments in semantics and pragmatics, and pointing the way forward to further debate and research.

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