A SKOS Radiation Safety Thesaurus for People Living in Contaminated Territories

AbstractWe present the guideline for use of [211At] sodium astatide (NaAt) for targeted alpha therapy in clinical trials on the basis of radiation safety issues in Japan. This guideline was prepared by a study supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and approved by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine on 8th Feb, 2021. The study showed that patients receiving [211At]NaAt do not need to be admitted to a radiotherapy room and outpatient treatment is possible. The radiation exposure from the patient is within the safety standards of the ICRP and IAEA recommendations for the general public and caregivers. Precautions for patients and their families, safety management associated with the use of [211At]NaAt, education and training, and disposal of medical radioactive contaminants are also included in this guideline. Treatment using [211At]NaAt in Japan should be carried out according to this guideline. Although this guideline is applied in Japan, the issues for radiation protection and evaluation methodology shown here are considered internationally useful as well.

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Enhancement of the Shielding Capability of Soda–Lime Glasses with Sb2O3 Dopant: A Potential Material for Radiation Safety in Nuclear Installations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

M.I. Sayyed ◽

K.A. Mahmoud ◽

O.L. Tashlykov ◽

Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽

M.R.I. Faruque

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Elastic Moduli ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Transmission Factor ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Neutron Shielding ◽

Removal Cross Section

Elastic moduli were theoretically computed using the Makishima–Mackenzie model for SiO2–Na2O–CaO glasses doped with Sb2O3 contents. The calculated elastic moduli (Young’s, bulk, shear, and longitudinal modulus) were observed to increase with an increase in the Sb2O3 contents. The microhardness showed an increase, while Poisson’s ratio decreased with the rise of the Sb2O3 contents. In addition, gamma-ray and neutron shielding parameters were evaluated for the investigated glasses. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was simulated using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code (MCNP-5). Other parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), transmission factor (TF), and half-value layer, were calculated based on the simulated LAC. The addition of Sb2O3 content was observed to enhance the investigated glasses’ shielding parameters, where the highest LAC was achieved for the SCNSb10 glass with 10 mol% Sb2O3 and decreased from 0.441 to 0.154 cm−1 at gamma energies between 0.248 and 1.406 MeV. Furthermore, the fast neutron effective removal cross-section (∑R) was computed theoretically. The calculated results showed that the highest ∑R was equal to 0.0341 cm2g−1 and was obtained for the SCNSb0 glass, which had no Sb2O3 content, while the lowest ∑R was equal to 0.0286 cm2 g−1 for the SCNSb10 glass sample. The present work was carried out to examine the advantages of the soda–lime glasses with different Sb2O3 contents in several photon shielding applications, especially for radiation safety in nuclear installations.

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Clearance Kinetics and External Dosimetry of 131I-Labeled Murine and Humanized Monoclonal Antibody A33 in Patients with Colon Cancer: Radiation Safety Implications

Health Physics ◽

10.1097/01.hp.0000342831.26198.eb ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 550-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence T. Dauer ◽

Daniel C. Boylan ◽

Matthew J. Williamson ◽

Jean St. Germain ◽

Steven M. Larson

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Clearance Kinetics

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Challenges in meeting patient assessment international standards in ambulatory tuberculosis services

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

L A Aslanyan ◽

N T Truzyan

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Safety Management ◽

Management Program ◽

International Standards ◽

Capital City ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Patient Assessment ◽

Safety Program ◽

Environmental Controls

Abstract Background Limitations of tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tools and measures restrict proper TB control in places with high drug-resistant TB prevalence. This study aimed to explore gaps in the primary health care (PHC) TB services in Armenia compared to international standards on Assessment of Patients (AOP). Methods We applied mixed methods to assess the AOP standards in 30 outpatient TB centers using observational and documents/medical records review's standardized checklists, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Evaluation was conducted in all 10 regions of Armenia and the capital city Yerevan. Joint Commission International Standards for Ambulatory Care, International Standards for TB Care, and WHO framework, served as a guideline for this assessment. Results PHC physicians are qualified for a set of examinations to diagnose TB. Planned reassessments are conducted continuously, though defined writings for the scope and content of reassessments administered by each clinical discipline is absent. Laboratory departments provide high quality services to the TB patients with the defined timeframes for reporting the results. Laboratory and radiology services staff is qualified and experienced. The biosafety rules are compliant with local and international standards. However, the location and conditions of the laboratory departments are mostly non-compliant with the standards. Lack of modern equipment restricts maintaining proper environmental controls, including ventilation systems. Laboratory technicians have little knowledge of the organization's safety management program and its relation to the laboratory safety program. The facilities have neither formal quality control programs regulated by documents and policies nor an identified radiation safety program protocol. Conclusions On the level of AOP standards, the PHC TB services in Armenia have satisfactory performance. However, assessed standards for this function required certain improvements. Key messages In Armenia, the tuberculosis care in PHC facilities presents high level of compliance for patient assessment international standards. To fully meet the standards, facilities need to reconstructed/renovated laboratories and establish the radiology and diagnostic equipment management, quality control and radiation safety programs.

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