Impaired Voluntary Movement Control and Its Rehabilitation in Cerebral Palsy

2016 ◽  
pp. 291-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Movement Control

Athetosis and Dystonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Shibasaki ◽  
Mark Hallett ◽  
Kailash P. Bhatia ◽  
Stephen G. Reich ◽  
Bettina Balint
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Focal Dystonia ◽  
Anoxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Generalized Dystonia ◽  
Hands And Feet

Athetosis is characterized by irregular, slow, writhing, bizarre movements seen in hands and feet. Athetosis is classified as minor athetosis and major athetosis based on its magnitude. Minor athetosis is seen in patients with mild cerebral palsy. Major athetosis is caused by organic lesions of the striatum, including cerebral palsy, as a residual state of encephalitis, and after anoxic encephalopathy. In these conditions, athetosis is commonly seen in combination with dystonia. Dystonia is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive movements or postures or both. In many cases of dystonia, the affected part of the body shows an abnormal writhing posture in the resting condition, and slow, writhing involuntary movements are superimposed on the abnormal posture with voluntary movement. For childhood-onset patients, dystonia is most commonly generalized; in adults, typically there is focal dystonia. Focal dystonia includes blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, writer’s cramp, and musician’s cramp. It is often task-specific and can be treated with local botulinum toxin injection. Generalized dystonia is caused by long use of neuroleptic drugs (tardive dystonia) and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Locomotor patterns during obstacle avoidance in children with cerebral palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cappellini ◽  
F. Sylos-Labini ◽  
M. J. MacLellan ◽  
C. Assenza ◽  
L. Libernini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Locomotor Patterns

Previous studies mainly evaluated the neuromuscular pattern generation in cerebral palsy (CP) during unobstructed gait. Here we characterized impairments in the obstacle task performance associated with a limited adaptation of the task-relevant muscle module timed to the foot lift during obstacle crossing. Impaired task performance in children with CP may reflect basic developmental deficits in the adaptable control of gait when the locomotor task is superimposed with the voluntary movement.

Role of commissural channels of the somatosensory system in transmitting feedback signals during voluntary movement control

1985 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Fedan ◽  
L. Rakic ◽  
M. Galogaza ◽  
V. A. Shepelev ◽  
V. G. Kolesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Movement Control

scholarly journals PP-048 fMRI research of voluntary movement control

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. S59
Author(s):  
L.J. Hou ◽  
Z. Song ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Movement Control

scholarly journals Functional reserves of voluntary movement control system during strenuous muscular

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3 (132)) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Jerzy Eider ◽  
Natalia Mazurok ◽  
Stanislav Prysyazhnyuk ◽  
Aleksandr Priymakov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Complicated Conditions

Objective: determination of criteria for assessing functional reserves and reliability of voluntary movement control system under various conditions of muscular activities. Material: Students aged 17-19 and athletes aged18-27 and specialised in various sports events participated in different studies. At Physical Education classes, female students were engaged in a programme aimed at improving the reliability and reserving the control system of local and regional movements of different coordination complexity. Athletes – cyclists, wrestlers, weightlifters, shooters performed specialised movements of different coordination complexity in the process of adaptation to specific physical loads in each sports event. The quality of motor regulation demonstrated by cyclists, weightlifters and wrestlers was analysed according to muscular activities, intermuscular relationships during muscular performance manifestation in the process of cyclic and acyclic loads, whereas shooters performed it according to the result of shooting at a target. Results: It has been revealed that in the process of a long-term adaptation to various types of muscular activities, the reserves of the movement control system representing different coordination structure are characterized by: an increase in the power of compensatory rearrangements to maintain the motor function reliability in complicated conditions of motor regulation and, in particular, during functional deprivation of the key sensory systems, maximum activation of physiological systems in the process of muscular activity and compensated phase of developed fatigue. The most prominent changes occur in movements, in the control of which the highest levels of regulation are involved. In movements regulated at lower motor levels, the shifts are less significant. Such movements are more stable, programmatic and harder subjected to change by means of physical exercises. Conclusions: The key criteria for the reserve capacities of the movement control system are as follows: power, efficiency and interchangeability of compensatory responses and mechanisms ensuring the reliability of movement control under the influence of distorting factors and fatigue; speed of transition to programme mechanism of motor regulation in the process of improvement under stable functioning conditions; manifestation of the "afferentation narrowing" principle in the sensory control of movements under stable functioning conditions.

scholarly journals Can spatial filtering separate voluntary and involuntary components in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250001
Author(s):  
Cassie N. Borish ◽  
Matteo Bertucco ◽  
Denise J. Berger ◽  
Andrea d’Avella ◽  
Terence D. Sanger
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Spatial Filtering ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Emg Control ◽  
Electromyographic Signal

The design of myocontrolled devices faces particular challenges in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy because the electromyographic signal for control contains both voluntary and involuntary components. We hypothesized that voluntary and involuntary components of movements would be uncorrelated and thus detectable as different synergistic patterns of muscle activity, and that removal of the involuntary components would improve online EMG-based control. Therefore, we performed a synergy-based decomposition of EMG-guided movements, and evaluated which components were most controllable using a Fitts’ Law task. Similarly, we also tested which muscles were most controllable. We then tested whether removing the uncontrollable components or muscles improved overall function in terms of movement time, success rate, and throughput. We found that removal of less controllable components or muscles did not improve EMG control performance, and in many cases worsened performance. These results suggest that abnormal movement in dyskinetic CP is consistent with a pervasive distortion of voluntary movement rather than a superposition of separable voluntary and involuntary components of movement.

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