Asymmetric Cell Division in the One-Cell C. elegans Embryo: Multiple Steps to Generate Cell Size Asymmetry

2017 ◽  
pp. 115-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pacquelet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The One ◽  
Size Asymmetry

scholarly journals Moesin is involved in polarity maintenance and cortical remodeling during asymmetric cell division

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namal Abeysundara ◽  
Andrew J. Simmonds ◽  
Sarah C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Apical Polarity ◽  
Size Asymmetry

An intact actomyosin network is essential for anchoring polarity proteins to the cell cortex and maintaining cell size asymmetry during asymmetric cell division of Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs). However, the mechanisms that control changes in actomyosin dynamics during asymmetric cell division remain unclear. We find that the actin-binding protein, Moesin, is essential for NB proliferation and mitotic progression in the developing brain. During metaphase, phosphorylated Moesin (p-Moesin) is enriched at the apical cortex, and loss of Moesin leads to defects in apical polarity maintenance and cortical stability. This asymmetric distribution of p-Moesin is determined by components of the apical polarity complex and Slik kinase. During later stages of mitosis, p-Moesin localization shifts more basally, contributing to asymmetric cortical extension and myosin basal furrow positioning. Our findings reveal Moesin as a novel apical polarity protein that drives cortical remodeling of dividing NBs, which is essential for polarity maintenance and initial establishment of cell size asymmetry.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporally controlled Myosin relocalization and internal pressure cause biased cortical extension to generate sibling cell size asymmetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Thanh Pham ◽  
Arnaud Monnard ◽  
Jonne Helenius ◽  
Erik Lund ◽  
Nicole Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Biophysical Forces ◽  
Size Asymmetry

AbstractMetazoan cells can generate unequal sized sibling cells during cell division. This form of asymmetric cell division depends on spindle geometry and Myosin distribution but the underlying mechanics are unclear. Here, we use atomic force microscopy and live cell imaging to elucidate the biophysical forces involved in the establishment of physical asymmetry in Drosophila neural stem cells. We show that the force driving initial apical membrane expansion is provided by hydrostatic pressure, peaking shortly after anaphase onset, and enabled by a relieve of actomyosin contractile tension on the apical cell cortex. The subsequent increase in contractile forces at the cleavage furrow, combined with the relocalization of basally located Myosin results in basal membrane extension and sustained apical expansion. We propose that spatiotemporally controlled actomyosin contractile tension and hydrostatic pressure enables stereotypic biased membrane expansion to generate sibling cell size asymmetry.

scholarly journals Phases of cortical actomyosin dynamics coupled to the neuroblast polarity cycle

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Huan Oon ◽  
Kenneth E Prehoda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Size Asymmetry ◽  
Early Mitosis

The Par complex dynamically polarizes to the apical cortex of asymmetrically dividing Drosophila neuroblasts where it directs fate determinant segregation. Previously we showed that apically directed cortical movements that polarize the Par complex require F-actin (Oon and Prehoda, 2019). Here we report the discovery of cortical actomyosin dynamics that begin in interphase when the Par complex is cytoplasmic but ultimately become tightly coupled to cortical Par dynamics. Interphase cortical actomyosin dynamics are unoriented and pulsatile but rapidly become sustained and apically-directed in early mitosis when the Par protein aPKC accumulates on the cortex. Apical actomyosin flows drive the coalescence of aPKC into an apical cap that is depolarized in anaphase when the flow reverses direction. Together with the previously characterized role of anaphase flows in specifying daughter cell size asymmetry, our results indicate that multiple phases of cortical actomyosin dynamics regulate asymmetric cell division.

scholarly journals Cortical localization of the G  protein GPA-16 requires RIC-8function during C. elegans asymmetric cell division

Development ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (20) ◽  
pp. 4449-4459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Afshar ◽  
F. S. Willard ◽  
K. Colombo ◽  
D. P. Siderovski ◽  
P. Gonczy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cortical Localization

scholarly journals Extracellular control of PAR protein localization during asymmetric cell division in the C. elegans embryo

Development ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (19) ◽  
pp. 3337-3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Arata ◽  
J.-Y. Lee ◽  
B. Goldstein ◽  
H. Sawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Regulation of anterior cell-specific mec-3 expression during asymmetric cell division in C. elegans

1992 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Way ◽  
Jin-Quan Run ◽  
Alice Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals C. elegans Brat homologs regulate PAR protein-dependent polarity and asymmetric cell division

2008 ◽  
Vol 321 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Hyenne ◽  
Marianne Desrosiers ◽  
Jean-Claude Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
C Elegans
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