scholarly journals Quantum-Secure Symmetric-Key Cryptography Based on Hidden Shifts

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorjan Alagic ◽  
Alexander Russell
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography

BEHSC: A New Efficient Heuristic for Symmetric Key Cryptography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Nath ◽  
Renesha Ghosh ◽  
Sourav Ghosh ◽  
Pranati Rakshit ◽  
Dharmpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography

Nehsc: A New Efficient Heuristic for Symmetric Key Cryptography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Nath ◽  
Pranati Rakshit ◽  
Renesha Ghosh ◽  
Sourav Ghosh ◽  
Dharmpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography

A Novel Approach of Symmetric Key Cryptography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Madhu Sharma Gaur ◽  
Prem Sagar Sharma ◽  
Deepkiran Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Novel Approach ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography

scholarly journals Efficient Implementation of PRESENT and GIFT on Quantum Computers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4776
Author(s):  
Kyungbae Jang ◽  
Gyeongju Song ◽  
Hyunjun Kim ◽  
Hyeokdong Kwon ◽  
Hyunji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Block Ciphers ◽  
Quantum Circuits ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Grover Search ◽  
Target Block ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography ◽  
Grover Search Algorithm

Grover search algorithm is the most representative quantum attack method that threatens the security of symmetric key cryptography. If the Grover search algorithm is applied to symmetric key cryptography, the security level of target symmetric key cryptography can be lowered from n-bit to n2-bit. When applying Grover’s search algorithm to the block cipher that is the target of potential quantum attacks, the target block cipher must be implemented as quantum circuits. Starting with the AES block cipher, a number of works have been conducted to optimize and implement target block ciphers into quantum circuits. Recently, many studies have been published to implement lightweight block ciphers as quantum circuits. In this paper, we present optimal quantum circuit designs of symmetric key cryptography, including PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers. The proposed method optimized PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers by minimizing qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. We compare proposed PRESENT and GIFT quantum circuits with other results of lightweight block cipher implementations in quantum circuits. Finally, quantum resources of PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers required for the oracle of the Grover search algorithm were estimated.

scholarly journals Untraceable and Anonymous Mobile Payment Scheme Based on Near Field Communication

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Raylin Tso
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography ◽  
Low Entropy

With the developments of mobile communications, M-commerce has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, most M-commerce schemes ignore user anonymity during online transactions. As a result, user transactions may easily be traced by shops, banks or by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). To deal with this problem, we introduce a new anonymous mobile payment scheme in this paper. Our new scheme has the following features: (1) Password-based authentication: authentication of users is done by low-entropy password; (2) Convenience: the new scheme is designed based on near field communication (NFC)-enabled devices and is compatible with EuroPay, MasterCard and Visa (EMV-compatible); (3) Efficiency: users do not need to have their own public/private key pairs and confidentiality is achieved via symmetric-key cryptography; (4) Anonymity: users use virtual accounts in the online shopping processes, thereby preventing attackers from obtaining user information even if the transaction is eavesdropped; (5) Untraceablity: no one (even the bank, Trusted Service Manager (TSM), or the shop) can trace a transaction and link the real identity with the buyer of a transaction; (6) Confidentiality and authenticity: all the transaction is either encrypted or signed by the sender so our new scheme can provide confidentiality and authenticity. We also present the performance and the security comparison of our scheme with other schemes. The results show that our scheme is applicable and has the most remarkable features among the existing schemes.

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