Overview of Cyber Security in the Industry 4.0 Era

2017 ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyzanur Cayir Ervural ◽  
Bilal Ervural
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0

scholarly journals Analysing IoT Cyber Risk for Estimating IoT Cyber Insurance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev ◽  
Rafael Mantilla Montalvo ◽  
Razvan Nicolescu ◽  
Michael Huth ◽  
Stacy Cannady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Cyber Insurance ◽  
Cyber Risk ◽  
Quantitative Impact ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

This paper is focused on mapping the current evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and its associated cyber risks for the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) sector. We report the results of a qualitative empirical study that correlates academic literature with 14 - I4.0 frameworks and initiatives. We apply the grounded theory approach to synthesise the findings from our literature review, to compare the cyber security frameworks and cyber security quantitative impact assessment models, with the world leading I4.0 technological trends. From the findings, we build a new impact assessment model of IoT cyber risk in Industry 4.0. We therefore advance the efforts of integrating standards and governance into Industry 4.0 and offer a better understanding of economics impact assessment models for I4.0.

Cyber security and Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-363
Author(s):  
Jens Mehrfeld
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
It Security ◽  
A Company

Abstract “Stagnation is death“. This quote can be applied to two aspects. First, it is bad for a company if an outage occurs since then it cannot produce goods anymore and thus can make no more profit. Second, this quote can also refer to the developments leading to Industry 4.0. But what happens if technological progress creates more risks? The following article explores this issue with respect to IT security.

scholarly journals Tackling Faults in the Industry 4.0 Era—A Survey of Machine-Learning Solutions and Key Aspects

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Angelopoulos ◽  
Emmanouel T. Michailidis ◽  
Nikolaos Nomikos ◽  
Panagiotis Trakadas ◽  
Antonis Hatziefremidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Conventional Optimization ◽  
Manufacturing Data

The recent advancements in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have affected several research fields, leading to improvements that could not have been possible with conventional optimization techniques. Among the sectors where AI/ML enables a plethora of opportunities, industrial manufacturing can expect significant gains from the increased process automation. At the same time, the introduction of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), providing improved wireless connectivity for real-time manufacturing data collection and processing, has resulted in the culmination of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. In this survey, we focus on the vital processes of fault detection, prediction and prevention in Industry 4.0 and present recent developments in ML-based solutions. We start by examining various proposed cloud/fog/edge architectures, highlighting their importance for acquiring manufacturing data in order to train the ML algorithms. In addition, as faults might also occur from sources beyond machine degradation, the potential of ML in safeguarding cyber-security is thoroughly discussed. Moreover, a major concern in the Industry 4.0 ecosystem is the role of human operators and workers. Towards this end, a detailed overview of ML-based human–machine interaction techniques is provided, allowing humans to be in-the-loop of the manufacturing processes in a symbiotic manner with minimal errors. Finally, open issues in these relevant fields are given, stimulating further research.

scholarly journals Trustworthy data-driven networked production for customer-centric plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 2305-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davy Preuveneers ◽  
Wouter Joosen ◽  
Elisabeth Ilie-Zudor
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Security Challenges

Purpose Industry 4.0 envisions a future of networked production where interconnected machines and business processes running in the cloud will communicate with one another to optimize production and enable more efficient and sustainable individualized/mass manufacturing. However, the openness and process transparency of networked production in hyperconnected manufacturing enterprises pose severe cyber-security threats and information security challenges that need to be dealt with. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a distributed trust model and middleware for collaborative and decentralized access control to guarantee data transparency, integrity, authenticity and authorization of dataflow-oriented Industry 4.0 processes. Findings The results of a performance study indicate that private blockchains are capable of securing IoT-enabled dataflow-oriented networked production processes across the trust boundaries of the Industry 4.0 manufacturing enterprise. Originality/value This paper contributes a decentralized identity and relationship management for users, sensors, actuators, gateways and cloud services to support processes that cross the trust boundaries of the manufacturing enterprise, while offering protection against malicious adversaries gaining unauthorized access to systems, services and information.

scholarly journals Cyber Security Framework for the Internet-of-Things in Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev ◽  
Rafael Mantilla Montalvo ◽  
Stacy Cannady ◽  
Razvan Nicolescu ◽  
Dave De Roure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
Cyber Risk ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This research article reports the results of a qualitative case study that correlates academic literature with five Industry 4.0 cyber trends, seven cyber risk frameworks and two cyber risk models. While there is a strong interest in industry and academia to standardise existing cyber risk frameworks, models and methodologies, an attempt to combine these approaches has not been done until present. We apply the grounded theory approach to derive with integration criteria for the reviewed frameworks, models and methodologies. Then, we propose a new architecture for the integration of the reviewed frameworks, models and methodologies. We therefore advance the efforts of integrating standards and governance into Industry 4.0 and offer a better understanding of a holistic economic impact assessment model for IoT cyber risk.

scholarly journals Environmental Protection in Industry 4.0. Opportunities and Threats in Selected Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Beata Oleksiak ◽  
Pavlína Pustějovská ◽  
Markéta Tkadlečková
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Literature Study

Abstract In recent years, the importance of production in cyberphysical systems – CPS characteristic of the new industry concept, which is Industry 4.0 – I 4.0, is gaining importance. Industry 4.0 enforces modification of traditional perception of production. The basis for changes in Industry 4.0 has become Internet of Things – IoT, which gives the opportunity to connect and communicate with each other such areas as mobile solutions, cloud computing, sensors, analytics and cyber security. By new technology, areas that previously operated in enterprises as separate systems can be combined and create new opportunities for industrial production (modernization of production methods and reduce employment). Industry 4.0 brings with it a number of new challenges for producers in the field of environmental protection, and related to the inclusion of cybernetic technology in physical production processes as well as distribution. Production starts and ends on the customer. Industry 4.0 is a collective term for technologies and concepts of value chain organization. The United Nations Organization for Industrial Development indicates the following environmental aspects in the perspective of the development of Industry 4.0, such as: climate change and limited access to resources, primarily to clean energy. It is assumed that changes in the production and functioning of economies will result in a decrease in the emission of harmful compounds into the atmosphere and increase the flexibility of activities for environmental protection. The purpose of this work is to present general directions of changes in the field of environmental protection in Industry 4.0. Authors present the following areas of change: energy management and material management. These areas are opportunities for environmental. In the category of threats, the growing costs of environmental protection and household expenses are pointed out. The work is based on a literature study and statistical data. Statistical data are used: integrated technologies, expenditure and costs of environmental protection, recycling of secondary raw materials and energy consumption for the EU and Poland.

Project Cost Control in Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Gülay Tamer ◽  
Binnur Gurul
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The Right

During this fourth industrial revolution, the fundamental purpose of industrial transformations is to carry competitive edge of the companies to an upper level by increasing efficiency and effectiveness of sources and decreasing the operational costs. Therefore, the companies need to invest in the right project in the right time in order to provide a competitive edge against their competitors and to gain a desired level of profit. The aim of the project cost analysis is, in the simplest terms, to calculate optimal project costs and to consider if there is any difference between the planned budget and the optimal cost; and in case of a difference, to take necessary actions. The purpose of this chapter is, as a result of principles and conceptual framework of Industry 4.0, to describe how adaptive robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, augmented reality, additive manufacturing, internet of things, cloud computing and cyber security technologies, which are building blocks of Industry 4.0, changed the project cost analysis.

Strategic Management in SMEs in Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 1548-1569
Author(s):  
Mustafa Atilla Arıcıoğlu ◽  
Büşra Yiğitol
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
New Era ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
The Relationship

It is envisioned that the fourth industrial revolution contains many concepts such as modern automation and production systems, data collection, data processing, analysis, and data transfer and consists of intelligent factory applications such as augmented reality, the internet of things, cyber physical, and cyber security systems. It reveals the fact that a new era awaits enterprises in the relationship between technology and production due to these predictions for future changes. SMEs are one of the important segments that these triggers, which are the precursors of structural change, will affect. So how will SMEs experience the Industry 4.0 process? What do unmanned factories mean for SMEs? Which countries/SMEs will have the Industry 4.0 technology and Industry 4.0 infrastructure which require high capital, Which of them will create opportunities? In this chapter, the problems that SMEs will face in the digital transformation process and the political and strategic approaches that can be developed to deal with these problems will be evaluated.

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