Comparative Analysis of Two Variants of the Knox Test: Inferences from Space-Time Crime Pattern Analysis

Author(s):  
Monsuru Adepeju ◽  
Andy Evans
Author(s):  
Divya Sardana ◽  
Shruti Marwaha ◽  
Raj Bhatnagar

Crime is a grave problem that affects all countries in the world. The level of crime in a country has a big impact on its economic growth and quality of life of citizens. In this paper, we provide a survey of trends of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods used for crime pattern analysis. We use a spatiotemporal dataset of crimes in San Francisco, CA to demonstrate some of these strategies for crime analysis. We use classification models, namely, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and Naive Bayes to predict crime types such as Larceny, Theft, etc. and propose model optimization strategies. Further, we use a graph based unsupervised machine learning technique called core periphery structures to analyze how crime behavior evolves over time. These methods can be generalized to use for different counties and can be greatly helpful in planning police task forces for law enforcement and crime prevention.


2017 ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Dimitris Ballas ◽  
Graham Clarke ◽  
Rachel S. Franklin ◽  
Andy Newing

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Raimundo Wilson Gama Raiol ◽  
Andrea Ferrreira Bispo

A concepção de lugar como espaço, tempo e cultura permite compreender que a visão que uma sociedade tem de si mesma constitui um lugar-mundo, cujos limites não correspondem às fronteiras de um Estado. Assim, nos conflitos entre sociedades distintas, as subordinações que se estabelecem correspondem à sobreposição de um lugar-mundo ao outro. Os processos de dominação que envolvem os povos indígenas e não-indígenas no Brasil, desde o período colonial, têm correspondido à sobreposição do lugar-mundo ocidental sobre o lugar-mundo dos povos indígenas. O objetivo deste artigo é responder a seguinte questão: como se dá essa sobreposição? Implícitas nesta pergunta há outras duas mais específicas: como essa sobreposição se justifica e quais são os seus pressupostos? Realizou-se a análise comparativa da carta do Jesuíta Manoel da Nóbrega, escrita em 1549, e do Relatório Figueiredo, elaborado em 1967, e em seguida fez-se a indicação das categorias homólogas nesses dois documentos, ambos relativos a práticas de órgãos oficiais a respeito da questão indígena. Ao final, sugeriu-se que o reconhecimento do direito de propriedade é indispensável para uma mudança de paradigma no tratamento dos temas relacionados aos povos indígenas. Abstract The conception of place as a space, time and culture allows to comprehend that the vision a society has of itself constitute a place-world, which its limits do not correspond to a state borders. This way, conflicts between distincts societies  the subordination stablished correspond to a sobreposition from a place-world to another one. The domination processes that envolve indigenous peoples and non-indigenous people in Brazil, since colonial period, has been corresponding to a sobreposition of occidental place-world against indigenous peoples place-world. This article aims to answer the following question: How does this sobreposition happen? There are two more questions implicit in this one: How does this sobreposition justifies itself and what are its pressuposts? A comparative analysis was made of the Jesuit Manoel da Nobrega letter, written in 1549, and the Figueiredo Report, elaborated in 1969, then a category homologation in these two documents was mad to indicate it, both related to official departments regarding the indigenous issue. In the end, it was suggested that recognize the property rights is indispensable to a change in the paradigm regarding the treatment of themes related to indigenous peoples.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Edson Pereira da Costa Júnior

This essay analyses realist works from contemporary world cinema wherein the representation of space-time is directly affected by the color black, referring to both night and dark shadows. It investigates exactly how darkness participates in moments when the filmed subjects remember traumatic events and confront them through their courageous retellings. My hypothesis is that the color black converts the space—realistic and concerning the characters’ present time—into a place where different temporalities coexist. Through a comparative analysis of films made by the Portuguese filmmaker Pedro Costa and the Brazilian filmmaker Affonso Uchôa in the past two decades, I show how this modulation in space-time produced through color has a political meaning, since the narrated memories are related to a social experience of class and race.


2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Paul D. Esker ◽  
Karen S. Gibb ◽  
Philip M. Dixon ◽  
Forrest W. Nutter

Yellow crinkle disease of papaya is a serious threat to papaya production in Australia. Space-time point pattern analysis was used to study the spatial and temporal dependence of two phytoplasma strains that cause yellow crinkle: tomato big bud (TBB) and sweet potato little leaf V4 (SPLL-V4). Incidence data for both phytoplasma strains were obtained from a field study conducted in Katherine, NT, Australia, between January 1996 and May 1999. The primary ecological and epidemiological question of interest was to elucidate the scale of spatial or spatio-temporal aggregation of phytoplasma-infected papaya plants. The hypothesis was that there would be a contagion process, where TBB- and SPLL-V4-infected papaya would be aggregated and not random. To test this hypothesis, a point pattern spatial analysis using Monte Carlo simulation was initially applied to the incidence data. Results of this analysis suggested that SPLL-V4 infected papaya plants displayed aggregation with spatial dependence up to 30 m (10 to 15 plants along or across rows), whereas there was not strong evidence to suggest that TBB-infected papaya plants were aggregated. However, when a space-time point pattern analysis was subsequently used to simultaneously test for the interaction between space and time, there was strong evidence (P < 0.01 for SPLL-V4 and P < 0.10 for TBB) to suggest a space-time interaction for both SPLL-V4 and TBB. For SPLL-V4, a space-time risk window of approximately 10 months and 20 m was detected, whereas for TBB, this risk window was 5 months and 10 m. The results of these studies support the hypothesis that papaya infection by both phytoplasma strains appears to be the result of a contagion process, providing support for the contention that insect vectors are the most likely mechanism for acquisition, dispersal, and transmission. Accepted for publication 26 April 2007. Published 26 July 2007.


2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Baker
Keyword(s):  

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