Drought and Agricultural Ecosystem Services in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 309-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Keshavarz ◽  
Ezatollah Karami
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem

A literature review on evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Yong YANG ◽  
Huai-Yu YANG ◽  
Zong-Xiang GUO
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem

scholarly journals Virtual pollination trade uncovers global dependence on biodiversity of developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. eabe6636
Author(s):  
F. D. S. Silva ◽  
L. G. Carvalheiro ◽  
J. Aguirre-Gutiérrez ◽  
M. Lucotte ◽  
K. Guidoni-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Development Level

Nations’ food consumption patterns are increasingly globalized and trade dependent. Natural resources used for agriculture (e.g., water, pollinators) are hence being virtually exchanged across countries. Inspired by the virtual water concept, we, herein, propose the concept of virtual biotic pollination flow as an indicator of countries’ mutual dependence on biodiversity-based ecosystem services and provide an online tool to visualize trade flow. Using information on 55 pollinator-dependent crop markets (2001–2015), we show that countries with higher development level demand high levels of biodiversity-based services to sustain their consumption patterns. Such patterns are supported by importation of virtual biotic pollination (up to 40% of national imports of pollinator-dependent crops) from developing countries, stimulating cropland expansion. Quantifying virtual pollination flow can help develop new global socioeconomic policies to meet the interconnected challenges of biodiversity loss, ecosystem health, and social justice.

Ecosystem Valuation of Agricultural Land Use Change

2022 ◽  
pp. 90-126
Author(s):  
Dimple Behal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Rapid Pace

With the rapid pace of urbanization, land-use change is essential for economic and social progress; however, it does not come without costs. With such rapid urbanization, there comes pressure on the land and its resources, like that of food and timber production with a significant impact on the livelihood of millions of people. With the loss of agricultural land due to developmental activities, future agriculture would be very intensive. Therefore, it is likely with the existing pattern of allocating land uses for future development that we may lose the ecosystem services and highly productive agricultural lands. The value of these ecosystem services to agriculture is enormous and often underappreciated. The study focuses on identifying underlying causes of the land-use change, ecosystem services affected due to land-use change in peri-urban areas of Chandigarh using spatial mapping of affected ecosystem services and suggesting proposals for promoting agricultural ecosystem values using economically-informed policy instruments.

scholarly journals A faultline in neoliberal environmental governance scholarship? Or, why accumulation-by-alienation matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dunlap ◽  
Sian Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Progressive Politics

This article identifies an emerging faultline in critical geography and political ecology scholarship by reviewing recent debates on three neoliberal environmental governance initiatives: Payments for Ecosystem Services, the United Nations programme for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and carbon-biodiversity offsetting. These three approaches, we argue, are characterized by varying degrees of contextual and procedural – or superficial – difference, meanwhile exhibiting significant structural similarities that invite critique, perhaps even rejection. Specifically, we identify three largely neglected ‘social engineering’ outcomes as more foundational to Payments for Ecosystem Services, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and carbon-biodiversity offsetting than often acknowledged, suggesting that neoliberal environmental governance approaches warrant greater critical attention for their contributions to advancing processes of colonization, state territorialization and security policy. Examining the structural accumulation strategies accompanying neoliberal environmental governance approaches, we offer the term ‘accumulation-by-alienation’ to highlight both the objective appropriations accompanying Payments for Ecosystem Services, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and offsetting and the relational deficiencies accompanying the various commodifying instrumentalizations at the heart of these initiatives. We concur with David Harvey’s recent work proposing that understanding the iterative and consequential connections between objective/material and subjective/psychological dimensions of alienation offers ‘one vital key to unlock the door of a progressive politics for the future’. We conclude (with others) by urging critical geography and political ecology scholars to cultivate research directions that affirm more radical alternatives, rather than reinforcing a narrowing focus on how to improve Payments for Ecosystem Services, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and offsetting in practice.

Forest Figures: Ecosystem Services Valuation and Policy Evaluation in Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Ferraro ◽  
Kathleen Lawlor ◽  
Katrina L. Mullan ◽  
Subhrendu K. Pattanayak
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Ecosystem Services Valuation
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