Setting Events

2021 ◽  
pp. 4308-4312
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Danforth
Keyword(s):  
Setting Events

Social Interaction Setting Events: Experimental Analysis of Contextual Variables

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Sasso ◽  
Janine Peck ◽  
Linda Garrison-Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Setting Events

Operant Learning (R-S) Principles Applied to Nail-Biting

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Michael McClanahan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Operant Learning ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Systematic Desensitization ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
Setting Events ◽  
Deep Muscle

The principles of R-S learning were applied to a 32-yr.-old Caucasian woman to reduce the frequency and duration of fingernail-biting activity in a reversal-replication (ABAB) research design. The undesirable behavior, fingernail-biting which included frequency and duration, antecedents, and setting events, was recorded during a 28-day study. Self-monitoring recordings indicated that anxiety was the most prevalent antecedent. Through the use of a preliminary questionnaire and interview, increase in self-awareness was judged to be most effective in the extinction of the un-desired behavior. The systematic desensitization techniques of deep muscle relaxation and Transcendental Meditation were used during the treatment phase.

Toys and Materials as Setting Events on the Social Interaction of Preschool Children

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Mark Carter ◽  
Catherine A. O’Gorman‐Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Setting Events ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Apply Research

This review examined the effects of toys and materials as setting events on social interactions of preschool children. A total of 11 studies were examined and the findings suggested an association with particular types of toys and materials and increases in social interaction. There are, however, several methodological weaknesses that need to be addressed in future studies. In particular, future studies need to make more extensive use of experimental rather than observational research designs, provide functional descriptions of extant social skills of participants, apply research designs that allow idiosyncratic responses to intervention to be examined and consider the effects of manipulation of effects of toys and materials in relation to age. With regard to studies involving children with special needs, a number of features of existing research, including small group sizes, unusual ratios of children with disabilities compared to typically developing children and atypical play areas, limit conclusions that can be drawn from the present data. Future research will need to address these issues and examine more typical preschool settings in order to clarify the role of toys and materials in encouraging positive social interactions between young children with disabilities and their regular peers.

“Setting Events” as Determinants of Staff Behaviour: An Exploratory Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Burdett ◽  
Derek Milne
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Setting Events ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Multidisciplinary Staff

One of the major problems facing behaviour therapy has been the relative lack of success in bringing about lasting change in complex environments. The difficulty in assessing and understanding these failures may well be due to an unnecessarily narrow view of change in terms of small units of behaviour and short time-scales. In contrast, if one takes a “setting events” perspective, this might generate more explanatory hypotheses by focusing on larger behavioural units and longer time-scales. This exploratory study adopted such a perspective in order to consider staff opinions about the maintenance and generalization of an innovative behavioural programme in psychiatric rehabilitation. The results of a structured interview with a small group (n = 11) of multidisciplinary staff indicated the potential value of this perspective: factors traditionally regarded as obstructing innovation (such as not enough time, staff or facilities) were not in fact seen as problematic. On the contrary, factors which were more readily manipulable (such as feedback, nursing officer support and in-service training) were regarded as facilitating planned change. The implications of these findings and this perspective for sustained organizational development are discussed.

Staff Reports of Setting Events Associated With Challenging Behavior

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McGill ◽  
Kerry Teer ◽  
Lynne Rye ◽  
David Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Setting Events

A Conceptual Examination of Setting Events

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Carter ◽  
Coralie Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Setting Events

Tornadoes 2005: From record-setting events in California to a fatal November

Weatherwise ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Daniel McCarthy ◽  
Joseph Schaefer ◽  
Gregory Carbin ◽  
John Hart
Keyword(s):  
Setting Events

Pliocene short-term climate changes preserved in continental shallow lacustrine-palustrine carbonates: Western Opache Formation, Atacama Desert, Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1795-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol B. de Wet ◽  
Andrew P. de Wet ◽  
Linda Godfrey ◽  
Elizabeth Driscoll ◽  
Samuel Patzkowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Setting Events ◽  
Climate Shifts ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Climate Proxies ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Multiple climate proxies indicate episodic changes in moisture levels within an ∼1 Ma duration (early–mid Pliocene) interval. Limestones within the Opache Formation, Calama Basin, Atacama Desert region, Chile, contain evidence for wetter and drier periods on short time scales. Proxies include carbonate lithological changes, paleontology (stromatolites, oncolites, gastropods, ostracods and diatoms), O and C stable isotopes, geochemistry, and mineralogical changes (aragonite, calcite, Mg-calcite, dolomite and gypsum) throughout a 30 m stratigraphic section. Stromatolite fossil cyanobacteria dark and light laminations and mesohaline to hypersaline diatom species suggest Pliocene annual seasonality. Short-term changes between wetter and drier conditions indicate that at least this part of the Atacama region was experiencing relatively rapid early–mid Pliocene climate instability. The predominance of limestone in the Opache Formation, in contrast to the 1500 m of Oligocene-Miocene siliciclastic conglomerates and sandstones, interpreted as arid climate alluvium, that underlie it, indicates a shift from arid or hyperarid climate to a semi-arid climate. Semi-arid conditions promoted limestone deposition in a shallow lacustrine-palustrine environment. In this setting, events such as storms with associated surface water flow, erosion, siliciclastic sand, gravel, and intraclast deposition, coupled with significant biological activity, represent sedimentation during more humid periods in a shallow lacustrine depositional environment. In contrast, limestone characterized by mudcracks, Navicula diatoms, and vadose syndepositional cementation, reflect periods of enhanced evaporation, water shallowing, and episodic desiccation, characteristic of a palustrine depositional system. These facies shifts, in conjunction with geochemical and isotopic proxy evidence, yield a sedimentary record of wetter and drier climate shifts.

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