Quality of Judicial Reasoning: England and Wales

BackgroundLittle is known about the mental health of gay men and lesbians living in Europe.AimsTo compare psychological status, quality of life and use of mental health services by lesbians and gay men with heterosexual people.MethodCross-sectional study in England and Wales using ‘snowball’ sampling.ResultsParticipants: 656 gay men, 505 heterosexual men, 430 lesbians and 588 heterosexual women. Gay men were more likely than heterosexual men to score above threshold on the Clinical Interview Schedule, indicating greater levels of psychological distress (RR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.07–1.43), as were lesbians compared with heterosexual women (RR 1.30, 95% Cl 1.11-1.52). Gay men and lesbians were more likely than heterosexuals to have consulted a mental health professional in the past, deliberately harmed themselves and used recreational drugs. Lesbians were more likely to have experienced verbal and physical intimidation and to consume more alcohol than heterosexual women.ConclusionsAwareness of mental health issues for gay men and lesbians should become a standard part of training for mental health professionals, who need to be aware of the potential for substance misuse and self-harm in this group and of the discrimination experienced by many lesbians.

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Accountability and Oversight of State Functions

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244017690792 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 215824401769079 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James A. Roffee

Keyword(s):

Poor Quality ◽

Prison System ◽

England And Wales ◽

Secretary Of State ◽

Monitoring And Surveillance ◽

Role Confusion ◽

Equality And Diversity ◽

State Functions

This article offers an evaluation of the use of volunteers in providing accountability of state detention in the prison system of England and Wales through a review of their efforts to monitor the humane and just treatment of those held in custody. A content and dialogical analysis was conducted on 280 reports submitted to the Secretary of State to analyze their practice of reporting and monitoring of equality and diversity. The article argues that the use of volunteers is appropriate to performing monitoring functions that act to enhance intelligent accountability, but volunteers are ineffective for the purposes of improving technical accountability. Evidence suggests some role confusion and use of volunteers for the achievement of both intelligent and technical accountability. The use of volunteers for the latter may result in poor quality repetition of other reporting mechanisms. In addition, it is argued that members require better training, and clearer communications concerning expectations from their reporting functions, which in turn is linked to the quality of their monitoring. The volunteers’ monitoring and surveillance of the detention estate can be more than symbolic and may act as a crucial antidote to technical accountability, furthering the humane and just treatment of some of the state’s most vulnerable citizens.

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452. Bacteriological tests for milk sampled during distribution to the consumer

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900006154 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 268-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Rowlands ◽

Zena Hosking

Keyword(s):

Lower Incidence ◽

England And Wales ◽

Keeping Quality ◽

Quality Of Milk

1. This survey was undertaken to select a test for the official examination of the keeping quality of milk, both raw and pasteurized, sampled during its distribution to the consumer. Forty-five laboratories in England and Wales collaborated in the survey and together tested 20,159 samples during the year May 1949–April 1950.2. Failures with each test were lower in winter than in summer, and increased with increasing shade temperature. However, the proportion of failures for all samples tested in any one month at maximum shade temperatures up to 70° F., or even 75° F., was not appreciably higher than at temperatures up to 65° F. Of the samples examined during June to September, 62% were taken on days when the maximum shade temperature exceeded 65° F.Whatever test is used for the control of milk it is reasonable to expect that at least 75% of samples taken during a given period should reach the required standard. Because of the lower incidence of failures in winter than in summer, this requirement should apply to tests done during a period of 6 months rather than one of a year.

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THE CONSIDERATION OF IMPACTS UPON THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS IN ENGLAND AND WALES

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management ◽

10.1142/s1464333204001572 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

pp. 19-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

EL-SAYED A. BADR ◽

MATTHEW CASHMORE ◽

DICK COBB

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Cumulative Impact ◽

England And Wales ◽

Impact Prediction ◽

Environmental Impact Statements ◽

Core Elements

Considerable research has been undertaken on the quality of Environmental Impact Statements as an indicator, albeit superficial, of the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practices. Yet there remains a paucity of empirical data on practices at the more detailed level (e.g., for the consideration of certain environmental components and stages of the EIA process), despite the importance of such analyses for the development of grounded measures for enhancing effectiveness. This study contributes to the development of a detailed empirical understanding of EIA practices by examining analyses of impacts upon the aquatic environment (Water Impact Assessment (WIA)) for a sample of 50 development proposals in England and Wales. The research results indicate that WIA practices have improved over time, but a significant proportion of assessments remain unsatisfactory, and the quality of core elements of WIA (e.g., the consideration of alternatives and impact prediction) is particularly problematic. It is suggested that changes made to the EU EIA legislation have not significantly affected WIA practices in England and Wales. However, practices are not as problematic as research indicates is the case for ecological, socio-economic and cumulative impact assessments. Further strengthening the legislative provisions for EIA would partially address a number of specific problems (e.g., inadequate scoping and provision for monitoring). Nevertheless, a comprehensive and concerted strategy for enhancing effectiveness will be required if WIA is fulfil its potential for contributing to the management maxim of sustainable development.

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Social support networks of older migrants in England and Wales: the role of collectivist culture

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x17000034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 1453-1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

VANESSA BURHOLT ◽

CHRISTINE DOBBS ◽

CHRISTINA VICTOR

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Support ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Network Size ◽

Support Network ◽

England And Wales ◽

Black Caribbean ◽

Multigenerational Household

ABSTRACTThis article tests the fit of a social support network typology developed for collectivist cultures to six migrant populations living in England and Wales. We examine the predictive utility of the typology to identify networks most vulnerable to poor quality of life and loneliness. Variables representing network size, and the proportion of the network classified by gender, age, kin and proximity, were used in confirmatory and exploratory latent profile analysis to fit models to the data (N = 815; Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between demographic variables and network types. Linear regression examined associations between network types and wellbeing outcomes. A four-profile model was selected.Multigenerational Household: Younger Familynetworks were most robust with lowest levels of loneliness and greatest quality of life.Restricted Non-kinnetworks were least robust.Multigenerational Household: Younger Familynetworks were most prevalent for all but the Black Caribbean migrants. The typology is able to differentiate between networks with multigenerational households and can help identify vulnerable networks. There are implications for forecasting formal services and variation in networks between cultures. The use of a culturally appropriate typology could impact on the credibility of gerontological research.

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„Teachers as the Greatest Value of Our Nation” – Rhetoric, Practice and Effects of „reform” of Teacher Training in England and Wales

Yearbook of Pedagogy ◽

10.2478/rp-2018-0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 115-150

Author(s):

Eugenia Potulicka

Keyword(s):

Teacher Training ◽

Schools Of Education ◽

Training School ◽

England And Wales ◽

Initial Teacher Training ◽

Troops To Teachers ◽

Academic Teachers

SummaryInitial teacher training in England and Wales is radically reformed since the 2010 year. Many new ways of training were introduced, namely: School-Centered Initial Teacher Training, School Direct, apprenticeship, Teach First, Troops to Teachers and others. The role of universities in teacher training is severe diminished with many implications for the quality of teachers and teaching as well as for the identity of academic teachers, their role and the lack of stability. Of course those changes have a lot of implications for universities, especially for their Schools of Education. Some of them disappeared.

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