Implications of Nef: Host Cell Interactions in Viral Persistence and Progression to AIDS

2009 ◽  
pp. 147-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie J. Arhel ◽  
Frank Kirchhoff
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Host Cell Interactions

scholarly journals Capsular polysaccharide switching in Streptococcus suis modulates host cell interactions and virulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Okura ◽  
Jean-Philippe Auger ◽  
Tomoyuki Shibahara ◽  
Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins ◽  
Marie-Rose Van Calsteren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator Production ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Host Cell Interactions ◽  
Blood Dendritic Cell

AbstractThe capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus suis defines various serotypes based on its composition and structure. Though serotype switching has been suggested to occur between S. suis strains, its impact on pathogenicity and virulence remains unknown. Herein, we experimentally generated S. suis serotype-switched mutants from a serotype 2 strain that express the serotype 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, or 14 CPS. The effects of serotype switching were then investigated with regards to classical properties conferred by presence of the serotype 2 CPS, including adhesion to/invasion of epithelial cells, resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages, killing by whole blood, dendritic cell-derived pro-inflammatory mediator production and virulence using mouse and porcine infection models. Results demonstrated that these properties on host cell interactions were differentially modulated depending on the switched serotypes, although some different mutations other than loci of CPS-related genes were found in each the serotype-switched mutant. Among the serotype-switched mutants, the mutant expressing the serotype 8 CPS was hyper-virulent, whereas mutants expressing the serotype 3 or 4 CPSs had reduced virulence. By contrast, switching to serotype 7, 9, or 14 CPSs had little to no effect. These findings suggest that serotype switching can drastically alter S. suis virulence and host cell interactions.

Biochemical and Ultrastructural Observations of Coccidian Parasite and Host Cell Interactions

1992 ◽  
pp. 365-383
Author(s):  
Michael W. White ◽  
Alwi M. Shatry ◽  
Mark A. Jutila ◽  
Clarence A. Speer
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Coccidian Parasite ◽  
Host Cell Interactions

scholarly journals The trophoblast: a model to study HPV transcription, replication and host cell interactions

Retrovirology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P1
Author(s):  
Véronique Fontaine ◽  
Selma Boulenouar ◽  
Christine Weyn ◽  
Yvon Englert
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Host Cell Interactions
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