Comparing Approaches for Clustering Mixed Mode Data: An Application in Marketing Research

D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-2241/a000026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jose A. Martínez ◽

Manuel Ruiz Marín

Keyword(s):

Symbolic Dynamics ◽

Scale Invariance ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Measurement Scales ◽

Improve Measurement ◽

Entropy Measures ◽

The Difference

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.

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Graduate Programs and Careers in Consumer Psychology, Advertising, and Marketing Research

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413792005-866 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Curtis P. Haugtvedt ◽

Sharon Shavitt ◽

Bonnie Sherman-William

Keyword(s):

Graduate Programs ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Consumer Psychology

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The modality effect as an interaction between the auditory and visual systems in a mixed mode situation.

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e432362004-001 ◽

1982 ◽

Author(s):

Kjell Ohlsson ◽

Jerker Roennberg

Keyword(s):

Mixed Mode ◽

Modality Effect ◽

Visual Systems

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MARKETING RESEARCH OF THE MARKET FOR "MARBLE" BEEF IN THE OMSK REGION

Экономика сельского хозяйства России ◽

10.32651/2011-35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

D.S. Ryabkova ◽

O.V. Scryabina

Keyword(s):

Marketing Research

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“To Corrupt a Man in the Midst of a Verse”: Ben Jonson and the Prose of the World

Ben Jonson Journal ◽

10.3366/bjj.2017.0179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 46-72

Author(s):

Jacob Tootalian

Keyword(s):

Mixed Mode ◽

Ben Jonson ◽

Digital Analysis ◽

Interactive Engagement ◽

Sentence Level ◽

Linguistic Patterns ◽

The World ◽

Selection Of ◽

Bartholomew Fair

Ben Jonson's early plays show a marked interest in prose as a counterpoint to the blank verse norm of the Renaissance stage. This essay presents a digital analysis of Jonson's early mixed-mode plays and his two later full-prose comedies. It examines this selection of the Jonsonian corpus using DocuScope, a piece of software that catalogs sentence-level features of texts according to a series of rhetorical categories, highlighting the distinctive linguistic patterns associated with Jonson's verse and prose. Verse tends to employ abstract, morally and emotionally charged language, while prose is more often characterized by expressions that are socially explicit, interrogative, and interactive. In the satirical economy of these plays, Jonson's characters usually adopt verse when they articulate censorious judgements, descending into prose when they wade into the intractable banter of the vicious world. Surprisingly, the prosaic signature that Jonson fashioned in his earlier drama persisted in the two later full-prose comedies. The essay presents readings of Every Man Out of his Humour and Bartholomew Fair, illustrating how the tension between verse and prose that motivated the satirical dynamics of the mixed-mode plays was released in the full-prose comedies. Jonson's final experiments with theatrical prose dramatize the exhaustion of the satirical impulse by submerging his characters almost entirely in the prosaic world of interactive engagement.

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Missing Data - Better "Not to Have Them", but What If You Do? (Part 1)

Marketing ZFP ◽

10.15358/0344-1369-2019-4-21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 21-32

Author(s):

Dirk Temme ◽

Sarah Jensen

Keyword(s):

Missing Data ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Missing Values ◽

Graphical Representation ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽

Definition Of ◽

Traditional Approaches

Missing values are ubiquitous in empirical marketing research. If missing data are not dealt with properly, this can lead to a loss of statistical power and distorted parameter estimates. While traditional approaches for handling missing data (e.g., listwise deletion) are still widely used, researchers can nowadays choose among various advanced techniques such as multiple imputation analysis or full-information maximum likelihood estimation. Due to the available software, using these modern missing data methods does not pose a major obstacle. Still, their application requires a sound understanding of the prerequisites and limitations of these methods as well as a deeper understanding of the processes that have led to missing values in an empirical study. This article is Part 1 and first introduces Rubin’s classical definition of missing data mechanisms and an alternative, variable-based taxonomy, which provides a graphical representation. Secondly, a selection of visualization tools available in different R packages for the description and exploration of missing data structures is presented.

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