Biases and Errors Associated with Different Root Production Methods and Their Effects on Field Estimates of Belowground Net Primary Production

2011 ◽  
pp. 303-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Milchunas
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

scholarly journals Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Liujun Xiao ◽  
Xiali Mao ◽  
Xiaowei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

Abstract The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.

scholarly journals Impacts of mixed-grazing on root biomass and belowground net primary production in a temperate desert steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 180890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyi Wang ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Yongling Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

The impacts of large herbivores on plant communities differ depending on the plants and the herbivores. Few studies have explored how herbivores influence root biomass. Root growth of vegetation was studied in the field with four treatments: sheep grazing alone (SG), cattle grazing alone (CG), mixed grazing with cattle and sheep (MG) and no grazing (CK). Live and total root biomasses were measured using the root ingrowth core and the drilling core, respectively. After 2 years of grazing, total root biomass showed a decreasing trend while live root biomass increased with time during the growing seasons. Belowground net primary production (BNPP) among the treatments varied from 166 ± 32 to 501 ± 88 g m −2 and root turnover rates (RTR) varied from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 0.70 ± 0.11 year −1 . SG had the greatest BNPP and RTR, while the CG had the smallest BNPP and RTR. BNPP and RTR of the MG treatment were between those of the CG and SG treatments. BNPP and RTR of the CK were similar to MG treatment. Compared with other treatments, CG had a greater impact on dominant tall grasses species in communities. SG could decrease community diversity. MG eliminated the disadvantages of single-species grazing and was beneficial to community diversity and stability.

Nitrogen limitation in a sweetgum plantation: implications for carbon allocation and storage

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Iversen ◽  
Richard J. Norby
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Root Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fine Root Production ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
Face Experiment ◽  
Leaf N

The N status of temperate forests is closely linked to their C fluxes, and altered C or N availability may affect ecosystem C storage through changes in forest production and C allocation. We proposed that increased fine-root production previously observed in a sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua L.) forest in response to elevated [CO2] was a physiological response to N limitation. To examine this premise, we fertilized plots in the sweetgum plantation adjacent to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory free-air CO2-enrichment (FACE) experiment. We hypothesized that N fertilization would increase sweetgum net primary production, leaf [N], and the relative flux of C to wood production. Annual additions of 200 kg·ha–1 of N as urea increased soil N availability, which increased stand net primary production, stand N uptake, and N requirement by about one-third. Increased leaf [N] and leaf area production in the fertilized plots increased stem production and shifted relative flux of C to wood production. We conclude that sweetgum production on this site is limited by soil N availability and a decreased fraction of net primary production in fine-root production with N addition is consistent with the premise that increased fine-root production in the adjacent FACE experiment is in response to N limitation.

Above- and below-ground biomass and production of lodgepole pine on sites with differing soil moisture regimes

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Comeau ◽  
James P. Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Belowground Production ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Total Tree

The distribution of tree biomass and the allocation of production was measured in four stands of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.), two growing on sites with xeric soil moisture regimes and two on sites with mesic soil moisture regimes. At the time of sampling the stands were 70–78 years old. Aboveground biomass ranged from 116.5 Mg•ha−1 on one xeric site to 313.1 Mg•ha−1 on one mesic site. Stem biomass represented 68 and 73% of total tree biomass on the xeric and mesic sites, respectively. Total root biomass represented between 20 and 28% of total lodgepole pine biomass. Fine and small roots (<5 mm diameter) represented 4 and 1.5% of total tree biomass on the xeric and mesic sites, respectively. Total net primary production ranged from 7.9 Mg•ha−1•year−1 on the xeric sites to 11.9 Mg•ha−1•year−1 on the mesic sites. Stemwood production represented 20 and 27% of total net primary production on the xeric sites and 35% on both mesic sites. Belowground production represented 38 and 46% of total net primary production on the two mesic sites (4.5 and 5.5 Mg•ha−1•year−1, respectively) and 55 and 66% on the two xeric sites (4.3 and 6.3 Mg•ha−1•year−1, respectively). Fine and small roots represented 82–94% of belowground production. Production allocation was in the following order: fine and small roots > stems > foliage > coarse roots > branches, for all but the wettest site, where stem production exceeded fine and small root production.

Biomass distribution and above- and below-ground production in young and mature Abiesamabilis zone ecosystems of the Washington Cascades

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Grier ◽  
Kristiina A. Vogt ◽  
Michael R. Keyes ◽  
Robert L. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Fine Root Production ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Below Ground

Biomass distribution and above- and below-ground net primary production were determined for 23- and 180-year-old Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes ecosystems growing at 1200-m elevation in the western Washington Cascade Range. Total organic matter accumulations were 427.0 t•ha−1 in the young stand, and 1247.1 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Aboveground tree and detritus biomass were 49.0 t•ha−1 and 130.2 t•ha−1, respectively, in the young stand compared with 445.5 t•ha−1 and 389.4 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Net primary production (NPP) was 18.3 t•ha−1 in the young stand and 16.8 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Belowground dry matter production was 65% of total net production in the young stand and 73% of total net production in the mature stand. Conifer fine root production was 35.9% of NPP in the young and 66.4% of NPP in the mature stand. This apparent shift in fine root production as a proportion of NPP may be related to detritus accumulation.

scholarly journals Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Liujun Xiao ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Chang ◽  
Yaoyao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

Abstract The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.

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