scholarly journals Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Liujun Xiao ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Chang ◽  
Yaoyao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

Abstract The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.

scholarly journals Depth distribution of belowground net primary production across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkui Luo ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Liujun Xiao ◽  
Xiali Mao ◽  
Xiaowei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

Abstract The depth distribution of belowground net primary production (BNPP) has been unquantified globally, hindering our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics. We synthesize global observational data sets to infer the depth allocation of BNPP down to 2 m, and map depth-specific BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. We estimate that global average BNPP in the 0–20 soil layer is 1.1 Mg C ha–1 yr–1, accounting for >50% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP shows large variability, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in the order of importance) can explain >80% of such variability in different soil depths; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties (e.g., precipitation and soil nutrient) are soil depth- and biome-dependent. Our results provide global benchmarks for predictions of whole-soil carbon profiles across global biomes.

scholarly journals Carbon Balance in Salt Marsh and Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Alongi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Microbial Decomposition

Mangroves and salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in the global coastal ocean. Mangroves store more carbon (739 Mg CORG ha−1) than salt marshes (334 Mg CORG ha−1), but the latter sequester proportionally more (24%) net primary production (NPP) than mangroves (12%). Mangroves exhibit greater rates of gross primary production (GPP), aboveground net primary production (AGNPP) and plant respiration (RC), with higher PGPP/RC ratios, but salt marshes exhibit greater rates of below-ground NPP (BGNPP). Mangroves have greater rates of subsurface DIC production and, unlike salt marshes, exhibit active microbial decomposition to a soil depth of 1 m. Salt marshes release more CH4 from soil and creek waters and export more dissolved CH4, but mangroves release more CO2 from tidal waters and export greater amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), to adjacent waters. Both ecosystems contribute only a small proportion of GPP, RE (ecosystem respiration) and NEP (net ecosystem production) to the global coastal ocean due to their small global area, but contribute 72% of air–sea CO2 exchange of the world’s wetlands and estuaries and contribute 34% of DIC export and 17% of DOC + POC export to the world’s coastal ocean. Thus, both wetland ecosystems contribute disproportionately to carbon flow of the global coastal ocean.

scholarly journals Impacts of mixed-grazing on root biomass and belowground net primary production in a temperate desert steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 180890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyi Wang ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Yongling Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Belowground Net Primary Production

The impacts of large herbivores on plant communities differ depending on the plants and the herbivores. Few studies have explored how herbivores influence root biomass. Root growth of vegetation was studied in the field with four treatments: sheep grazing alone (SG), cattle grazing alone (CG), mixed grazing with cattle and sheep (MG) and no grazing (CK). Live and total root biomasses were measured using the root ingrowth core and the drilling core, respectively. After 2 years of grazing, total root biomass showed a decreasing trend while live root biomass increased with time during the growing seasons. Belowground net primary production (BNPP) among the treatments varied from 166 ± 32 to 501 ± 88 g m −2 and root turnover rates (RTR) varied from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 0.70 ± 0.11 year −1 . SG had the greatest BNPP and RTR, while the CG had the smallest BNPP and RTR. BNPP and RTR of the MG treatment were between those of the CG and SG treatments. BNPP and RTR of the CK were similar to MG treatment. Compared with other treatments, CG had a greater impact on dominant tall grasses species in communities. SG could decrease community diversity. MG eliminated the disadvantages of single-species grazing and was beneficial to community diversity and stability.

scholarly journals Contribution of Litterfall to Aboveground Net Primary Production in Acacia hybrid Plantation, Northeast Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Tran Van Do
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Acacia Hybrid ◽  
One Year ◽  
Global Carbon

Carbon input to forest ecosystem is mainly from Net Primary Production (NPP), therefore estimating NPP becomes important to understand the global carbon cycle. In this study, allometry for aboveground biomass increment (ΔAGB) and litter trap technique for litterfall (LF) were used for estimating aboveground NPP in Acacia hybrid plantation, Northeast Vietnam. The experiment was conducted in a plot of 300 m2 (15×20 m) established in a 21 month old plantation and conducted in a duration of one year. Data were collected in 3 month intervals with a total of five field-measurements. The results indicated that LF and ΔAGB were seasonally dependent. Litterfall was highest (3.38 g m-2 day-1) during September-January (winter) and lowest (0.61 g m-2 day-1) during March-June (early summer). While ΔAGB was highest (7.7 g m-2 day-1) during June-September (summer) and lowest (2.3 g m-2 day-1) during January-March (winter). Total LF was 7.27 tones ha-1 year-1 and ΔAGB was 18.94 tones ha-1 year-1. The total aboveground NPP of Acacia hybrid plantation was 26.31 tones ha-1 year-1. It is concluded that LF plays an important role in soil nutrient cycling in Acacia hybrid plantation.

scholarly journals Aboveground Net Primary Production at Acacia mangium Plantation in Northern Vietnam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nguyen Toan Thang ◽  
Vu Tien Lam ◽  
Dang Van Thuyet ◽  
Phung Dinh Trung ◽  
Pham Dinh Sam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Soil Nutrient Cycling

Net primary production (NPP) is an important index for understanding carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. In this study, aboveground NPP at Acacia mangium plantation was estimated basing on allometry for aboveground biomass increment (ΔM) and litter trap technique for litterfall (Lf). The experiment was conducted in two plots of 300 m2 each (15 × 20 m), established at a 21-month old plantation. Data were collected five times of 3-month intervals in a total duration of 357 days. The results indicated that Lf and ΔM were seasonal-dependent. Litterfall was highest (4.06 g m-1 day-1) during Sep-Jan (late rainy season, early winter) and lowest (1.10 g m-1 day-1) during Mar-Jun (early rainy season, early summer). While, ΔM was highest (13.51 g m-1 day-1) during Jun-Sep (rainy season, summer) and lowest (3.10 g m-1 day-1) during Jan-Mar (dry season, winter). Total Lf in a duration of 357 days was 9.69 tons ha-1 and ΔM was 27.71 tons ha-1, leading to total aboveground NPP of the present study plantation of 37.40 tons ha-1. It is concluded that aboveground NPP of acacia plantation was much higher than other forests of different types and ages around the world. Such difference indicates the importance of acacia plantation in soil nutrient cycling through litterfall decomposition and carbon sequestration through aboveground biomass increment.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in terrestrial net primary production and their effects on evapotranspiration

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2169-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Gonghuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract. The dramatic increase of global temperature since the year 2000 has a considerable impact on the global water cycle and vegetation dynamics. Little has been done about recent feedback of vegetation to climate in different parts of the world, and land evapotranspiration (ET) is the means of this feedback. Here we used the global 1 km MODIS net primary production (NPP) and ET data sets (2000–2014) to investigate their temporospatial changes under the context of global warming. The results showed that global NPP slightly increased in 2000–2014 at a rate of 0.06 PgC yr−2. More than 64 % of vegetated land in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) showed increased NPP (at a rate of 0.13 PgC yr−2), while 60.3 % of vegetated land in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) showed a decreasing trend (at a rate of −0.18 PgC yr−2). Vegetation greening and climate change promote rises of global ET. Specially, the increased rate of land ET in the NH (0.61 mm yr−2) is faster than that in the SH (0.41 mm yr−2). Over the same period, global warming and vegetation greening accelerate evaporation in soil moisture, thus reducing the amount of soil water storage. Continuation of these trends will likely exacerbate regional drought-induced disturbances and point to an increased risk of ecological drought, especially during regional dry climate phases.

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