Due to the limitation of dynamic range of the imaging device, the fixed-voltage X-ray images often produce overexposed or underexposed regions. Some structure information of the composite steel component is lost. This problem can be solved by fusing the multi-exposure X-ray images taken by using different voltages in order to produce images with more detailed structures or information. Due to the lack of research on multi-exposure X-ray image fusion technology, there is no evaluation method specially for multi-exposure X-ray image fusion. For the multi-exposure X-ray fusion images obtained by different fusion algorithms may have problems such as the detail loss and structure disorder. To address these problems, this study proposes a new multi-exposure X-ray image fusion quality evaluation method based on contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and gradient amplitude similarity. First, with the idea of information fusion, multiple reference images are fused into a new reference image. Next, the gradient amplitude similarity between the new reference image and the test image is calculated. Then, the whole evaluation value can be obtained by weighting CSF. In the experiments of MEF Database, the SROCC of the proposed algorithm is about 0.8914, and the PLCC is about 0.9287, which shows that the proposed algorithm is more consistent with subjective perception in MEF Database. Thus, this study demonstrates a new objective evaluation method, which generates the results that are consistent with the subjective feelings of human eyes.
