Recent Advances in the Molecular Genetics of The Model Legume Lotus japonicus

1997 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Leif Schauser ◽  
Leszek Boron ◽  
Eloisa Pajuelo ◽  
Thomas Thykjær ◽  
Dorthe Danielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Recent Advances

The molecular genetics of inherited deafness – current knowledge and recent advances

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Hardisty ◽  
Jane Fleming ◽  
Karen P. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Characterization and Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Kinase of Lotus japonicus, a Model Legume

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Nakagawa ◽  
Tomoko Izumi ◽  
Mari Banba ◽  
Yosuke Umehara ◽  
Hiroshi Kouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Putative Phosphorylation Site

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs), one form of which in each legume species plays a central role in the carbon metabolism in symbiotic root nodules, are activated through phosphorylation of a conserved residue by a specific protein kinase (PEPC-PK). We characterized the cDNAs for two PEPC isoforms of Lotus japonicus, an amide-translocating legume that forms determinate nodules. One gene encodes a nodule-enhanced form, which is more closely related to the PEPCs in amide-type indeterminate nodules than those in ureide-type determinate nodules. The other gene is expressed in shoots and roots at a low level. Both forms have the putative phosphorylation site, Ser11. We also isolated a cDNA and the corresponding genomic DNA for PEPC-PK of L. japonicus. The recombinant PEPC-PK protein expressed in Escherichia coli phosphorylated recombinant maize C4-form PEPC efficiently in vitro. The level of mRNA for PEPC-PK was high in root nodules, and those in shoots and roots were also significant. In situ hybridization revealed that the expression patterns of the transcripts for PEPC and PEPC-PK were similar in mature root nodules, but were different in emerging nodules. When L. japonicus seedlings were subjected to prolonged darkness and subsequent illumination, the activity of PEPC-PK and the mRNA levels of both PEPC and PEPC-PK in nodules decreased and then recovered, suggesting that they are regulated according to the amounts of photosynthates transported from shoots.

scholarly journals At the Edge of Knowability: Towards a Prehistory of Languages

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Renfrew
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Pleistocene Period ◽  
Demographic Processes

The issue of ‘knowability’ in relation to the origins and distribution of the language families of the world is addressed, and recent advances in historical linguistics and molecular genetics reviewed. While the much-debated problem of the validity of the concept of the language ‘macrofamily’ cannot yet be resolved, it is argued that a time depth for the origins of language families greater than the conventional received figure of c. 6000 years may in some cases be appropriate, allowing the possibility of a correlation between language dispersals and demographic processes following the end of the Pleistocene period. The effects of these processes may still be visible in the linguistic ‘spread zones’, here seen as often the result of farming dispersals, contrasting with the linguistic ‘mosaic zones’ whose early origins may sometimes go back to initial colonization episodes during the late Pleistocene period. If further work in historical linguistics as well as in archaeology and molecular genetics upholds these correlations a ‘new synthesis’, whose outlines may already be discerned, is likely to emerge. This would have important consequences for prehistoric archaeology, and would be of interest also to historical linguists and molecular geneticists. If, however, the proposed recognition of such patterning proves illusory the prospects for ‘knowability’ appear to be less favourable.

scholarly journals Αναπρογραμματισμός του μεταβολισμού του Lotus japonicus σε μεταγραφικό, βιοχημικό και μεταβολομικό επίπεδο κατά τη συμβιωτική αζωτοδέσμευση

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χρυσάνθη Καλλονιάτη
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes takes place in specialized organs called nodules,which become the main source of assimilated nitrogen for the whole plant. Symbiotic nitro‐gen fixation requires exquisite integration of plant and bacterial metabolism and involvesglobal changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in both rhizobia and thehost plant. In order to study the metabolic changes mediated by symbiotic nitrogen fixationon a whole‐plant level, metabolite levels were profiled by gas chromatography–mass spec‐trometry in nodules and non‐symbiotic organs of Lotus japonicus plants uninoculated or in‐oculated with M. loti wt,  ΔnifA or  ΔnifH fix‐ strains. Furthermore, transcriptomic andbiochemical approaches were combined to study sulfur metabolism in nodules, its link tosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the effect of nodules on whole‐plant sulfur partitioning andmetabolism. It is well established that nitrogen and sulfur (S) metabolism are tightly en‐twined and sulfur is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, however, little is known aboutthe molecular and biochemical mechanisms governing sulfur uptake and assimilation duringsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcript profiling in Lotus japonicus was combined with quan‐tification of S‐metabolite contents and APR activity in nodules and in non‐symbiotic organsof plants uninoculated or inoculated with M. loti wt, ΔnifA or ΔnifH fix‐ strains. Moreover,sulfate uptake and its distribution into different plant organs were analyzed and 35S‐flux intodifferent S‐pools was monitored. Metabolite profiling revealed that symbiotic nitrogen fixa‐tion results in dramatic changes of many aspects of primary and secondary metabolism innodules which leads to global reprogramming of metabolism of the model legume on awhole‐plant level. Moreover, our data revealed that nitrogen fixing nodules represent athiol‐rich organ. Their high APR activity and 35S‐flux into cysteine and its metabolites in com‐bination with the transcriptional up‐regulation of several genes involved in sulfur assimila‐tion highlight the function of nodules as a new site of sulfur assimilation. The higher thiolcontent observed in non‐symbiotic organs of nitrogen fixing plants in comparison touninoculated plants cannot be attributed to local biosynthesis, indicating that nodules couldserve as a novel source of reduced sulfur for the plant, which triggers whole‐plant repro‐gramming of sulfur metabolism. Interestingly, the changes in metabolite profiling and theenhanced thiol biosynthesis in nodules and their impact on the whole‐plant sulfur, carbonand nitrogen economy are dampened in fix‐ plants, which in most respects metabolically re‐sembled uninoculated plants, indicating a strong interaction between nitrogen fixation andsulfur and carbon metabolism.

“Treasure your exceptions”: recent advances in molecular genetics of glomerular disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ciechanowicz ◽  
Andrzej Brodkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Bińczak-Kuleta ◽  
Miłosz Parczewski ◽  
Stanisław Czekalski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Glomerular Disease ◽  
Recent Advances
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