History, Spatial Structure, and Regional Growth: Lessons for Policy Making

Kutub Pertumbuhan Dan Gentrifikasi Pada Kawasan Pinggiran Kota Makassar

Urban and Regional Studies Journal ◽

10.35965/ursj.v3i1.607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

La Ode Sir Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Batara Surya ◽

Syafri Syafri

Keyword(s):

Spatial Structure ◽

Local Community ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Regional Growth ◽

Field Work ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Point Of View ◽

Physical Point ◽

Data Improvement

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis bagaimana proses pembentukan kutub pertumbuhan wilayah dan gentrifikasi pada kawasan pinggiran Kota Makassar dalam hal ini Kelurahan Bangkala dan Tamangapa sebagai Kawasan Pinggiran Kota Makassar dan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh gentrifikasi yang terjadi terhadap perubahan struktur ruang Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisis Deskriptif Kualitatif-Kuantitatif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Data diperoleh dari obeservasi langsung dilapangan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi fisik lingkungan (hunian, penggunan lahan, geografis) dan sosial budaya masyarakat setempat, kuesioner wawancara langsung kepada sampel untuk lebih memperdalam data yang ingin diperoleh dan dokumentasi fisik lingkungan, untuk mendukung penyempurnaan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gentrifikasi terjadi di kawasan pinggiran Kota Makassar (Kelurahan Bangkala dan Tamangapa), dicirikan dengan perubahan tipologi kawasan dan peningkatan fasilitas serta infrastruktur perkotaan yang secara bertahap muncul sebagai dampak dari pengaruh secara internal Kota Makassar kaitannya dengan fenomena migrasi dalam proses pembentukan kutub pertumbuhan. Faktor eksternal wilayah dari Kota Makassar juga menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya kutub pertumbuhan dan gentrifikasi dalam bentuk konurbasi perkotaan dan pembentukan kawasan Metropolitan Mamminasata. Hasil uji statistik terhadap 7 variabel yang diteliti menunjukan sebesar sebesar 51,9% atau dari 4 variabel yang diteliti secara simultan memberikan pengaruh terhadap penyebab terjadinya gentrifikasi pada kawasan pinggiran Kota Makassar dan sebaesar 26,9% memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan struktur ruang Kota Makassar. Hal berikut memberikan kesimpulan bahwa pengaruh gentrifikasi terhadap perubahan struktur ruang kota Makassar terjadi dalam bentuk perubahan fungsi dan aktifitas pada kawasan pinggiran. Disamping itu tingkat aktifitas dan pergerakan juga menjadikan kawasan pinggiran (Kelurahan Bangkala dan Tamangapa) mengalami berbagai dinamika dan permasalahan keruangan yang tidak terlepas dari sudut pandang sosial, ekonomi dan fisik kawasan itu sendiri. Disamping itu, dapat dimaknai bahwa gentrifikasi tidak serta menyeluruh memberikan perubahan pada pembentukan struktur ruang melainkan hanya pada beberapa bagian dari struktur ruang dalam hal ini adalah perubahan fungsi dan aktifitas serta perubahan pada sistem jaringan sarana dan prasarana pada kawasan pinggiran. This study aims to examine and analyze how the process of regional growth poles forming and gentrification in the suburbs of Makassar City, in this case Bangkala and Tamangapa Sub-Districts as Makassar Suburbs and to see how the influence of gentrification that occurs on changes in the spatial structure of Makassar City. This research is descriptive quantitative and qualitative by using descriptive Qualitative-Quantitative analysis tools and multiple linear regression analysis. The data were obtained from field work observations to identify the physical conditions of the environment (occupancy, land use, geography) and the socio-cultural conditions of the local community, questionnaires, direct interview to the respondents to further deepen the data obtained and environmental physical documentation, to support data improvement. The results show that gentrification occurs in the suburbs of Makassar City (Kelurahan Bangkala and Tamangapa), characterized by changes in regional typology and improvements in urban facilities and infrastructure that gradually emerge as a result of the internal influence of Makassar City in relation to the phenomenon of migration in the process of forming growth poles. Regional external factors from Makassar City are also the factors causing the growth poles and gentrification in the form of urban conurbation and the formation of the Mamminasata Metropolitan area. The results of statistical tests on the 7 variables studied showed that 51.9% of the 4 variables studied simultaneously had an influence on the causes of gentrification in the suburbs of Makassar City and 26.9% had an effect on changes in the spatial structure of Makassar City. It can be concluded that the effect of gentrification on changes in the spatial structure of the Makassar city occurs in the form of changes in functions and activities in the suburb areas. Besides that, the level of activity and movement also makes the suburb areas (Bangkala and Tamangapa sub-districts) experience various dynamics and spatial problems that cannot be separated from the social, economic and physical point of view of the area itself. In addition, it can be interpreted that gentrification is not comprehensive and gives changes to the formation of spatial structures but only in some parts of the spatial structure, in this case, changes in functions and activities as well as changes in the network system of facilities and infrastructure in the suburbs.

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Reviews: An Empirical Model of Regional Growth: With an Application to the Northeast Megalopolis, the Battle for Tolmers Square, the Analysis of Time Series: Theory and Practice, Environmental Interaction: Psychological Approaches to Our Physical Surroundings, Residential Spatial Structure, Considerations on Western Marxism, Urban Economics: Theory and Policy

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a090361 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 361-370

Author(s):

M Batty ◽

J Anderson ◽

K Ord ◽

Sue-Ann Lee ◽

R T N Flowerdew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Spatial Structure ◽

Empirical Model ◽

Urban Economics ◽

Regional Growth ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Environmental Interaction ◽

Western Marxism ◽

Analysis Of Time Series

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Observations of the spatial structure of interstellar hydrogen

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s007418090010066x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 45-46

Author(s):

Carl Heiles

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Spatial Structure ◽

Velocity Dispersion ◽

Temperature Variations

High-resolution 21-cm line observations in a region aroundlII= 120°,b11= +15°, have revealed four types of structure in the interstellar hydrogen: a smooth background, large sheets of density 2 atoms cm-3, clouds occurring mostly in groups, and ‘Cloudlets’ of a few solar masses and a few parsecs in size; the velocity dispersion in the Cloudlets is only 1 km/sec. Strong temperature variations in the gas are in evidence.

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