Decay Process of Serpentinite: The Case of the San Giovanni Baptistery (Florence, Italy) Pavement

Serpentinite is a low-grade metamorphic rock derived from the transformation of ultramafic rocks. Mainly because of its aesthetic characteristics it has been widely used as a building and ornamental stone. “Verde di Prato” is the most common local name used in Tuscany to refer to this type of rock, historically quarried in this area and used for many centuries in a large number of monuments of this region. In this paper, we report the results of a study carried out on the serpentinite from the pavement of the Florence baptistery, to properly characterize it from a physical point of view, describe the rock conservation state, and understand the phenomena responsible for its decay. The studied rock displays numerous forms of decay including fractures, loss of material, erosion, discolouration and efflorescence. X-ray diffractometer analyses of the efflorescence revealed the presence of numerous salts whose formation can be imputed to multiple, possibly concomitant, causes such as the high relative humidity and the variation of inside temperature, the presence of concrete and/or cementitious mortars in the subsoil, atmospheric pollution and the burial ground existing close the baptistery.

Kinematic Determination of the Aerial Phase in Ski Jumping

The purpose of this study was to find a generic method to determine the aerial phase of ski jumping in which the athlete is in a steady gliding condition, commonly known as the ‘stable flight’ phase. The aerial phase of ski jumping was investigated from a physical point mass, rather than an athlete–action-centered perspective. An extensive data collection using a differential Global Navigation Satellite System (dGNSS) was carried out in four different hill sizes. A total of 93 jumps performed by 19 athletes of performance level, ranging from junior to World Cup, were measured. Based on our analysis, we propose a generic algorithm that identifies the stable flight based on steady glide aerodynamic conditions, independent of hill size and the performance level of the athletes. The steady gliding is defined as the condition in which the rate-of-change in the lift-to-drag-ratio (LD-ratio) varies within a narrow band-width described by a threshold τ. For this study using dGNSS, τ amounted to 0.01s−1, regardless of hill size and performance level. While the absolute value of τ may vary when measuring with other sensors, we argue that the methodology and algorithm proposed to find the start and end of a steady glide (stable flight) could be used in future studies as a generic definition and help clarify the communication of results and enable more precise comparisons between studies.

The Image of Women in the Poetry of The Marsinah Fall by Sapardi Djoko Damono

The poem Dongeng Marsinah by Sapardi Djoko Damono is one of the literary works that comes with an approach to the study of feminism and the image of women to respond to people's lives today. The data collection technique uses document analysis based on feminist literary theory. The interesting thing in the poem entitled Dongeng Marsinah by Sapardi Djoko Damono is the emergence of a women's movement against injustice or patriarchy through a literary work. The theory used is based on feminism literary theory with a sociological approach to literature. The view of literary works in the poem entitled Dongeng Marsinah by Sapardi Djoko Damono has a reflection on today's social life. The representation of women in the poem Dongeng Marsinah by Sapardi Djoko Damono include: (1) the representation of women from a psychological perspective; (2) the representation of women in society; (3) the representation of women in terms of behavior; and (4) the representation of women from a physical point of view. The hope is that by understanding the meaning of the image of women in the poem, a woman should not be treated with violence physically, mentally, or sexually.

Well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for system of oscillators on 2D–lattice in weighted $l^2$-spaces

We consider an infinite system of ordinary differential equations that describes the dynamics of an infinite system of linearly coupled nonlinear oscillators on a two dimensional integer-valued lattice. It is assumed that each oscillator interacts linearly with its four nearest neighbors and the oscillators are at the rest at infinity. We study the initial value problem (the Cauchy problem) for such system. This system naturally can be considered as an operator-differential equation in the Hilbert, or even Banach, spaces of sequences. We note that $l^2$ is the simplest choice of such spaces. With this choice of the configuration space, the phase space is $l^2\times l^2$, and the equation can be written in the Hamiltonian form with the Hamiltonian $H$. Recall that from a physical point of view the Hamiltonian represents the full energy of the system, i.e., the sum of kinetic and potential energy. Note that the Hamiltonian $H$ is a conserved quantity, i.e., for any solution of equation the Hamiltonian is constant. For this space, there are some results on the global solvability of the corresponding Cauchy problem. In the present paper, results on the $l^2$-well-posedness are extended to weighted $l^2$-spaces $l^2_\Theta$. We suppose that the weight $\Theta$ satisfies some regularity assumption. Under some assumptions for nonlinearity and coefficients of the equation, we prove that every solution of the Cauchy problem from $C^2\left((-T, T); l^2)$ belongs to $C^2\left((-T, T); l^2_\Theta\right)$. And we obtain the results on existence of a unique global solutions of the Cauchy problem for system of oscillators on a two-dimensional lattice in a wide class of weighted $l^2$-spaces. These results can be applied to discrete sine-Gordon type equations and discrete Klein-Gordon type equations on a two-dimensional lattice. In particular, the Cauchy problems for these equations are globally well-posed in every weighted $l^2$-space with a regular weight.

Steady Magnetohydrodynamic Micropolar Fluid Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer in Permeable Channel with Thermal Radiation

The present work is devoted to the study of magnetohydrodynamic micropolar fluid flow in a permeable channel with thermal radiation. The Rosseland approximation for thermal radiation is taken into account in the modelling of heat transfer. The governing equations are expressed in non-dimensional form. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is briefly introduced and applied to derive the solution of nonlinear equations. The effects of various involved parameters like Reynolds number, microrotation parameter and Prandtl number on flow and heat transfer are discussed. Further, their effects on Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also investigated from the physical point of view. Analytic solutions of the problem are obtained by HPM and a numerical technique bvp4c package MATLAB is applied to predict the graphs between different parameters.

The γπ → ππ anomaly from lattice QCD and dispersion relations

We propose a formalism to extract the γπ → ππ chiral anomaly F3π from calculations in lattice QCD performed at larger-than-physical pion masses. To this end, we start from a dispersive representation of the γ(*)π → ππ amplitude, whose main quark-mass dependence arises from the ππ scattering phase shift and can be derived from chiral perturbation theory via the inverse-amplitude method. With parameters constrained by lattice calculations of the P-wave phase shift, we use this combination of dispersion relations and effective field theory to extrapolate two recent γ(*)π → ππ calculations in lattice QCD to the physical point. Our formalism allows us to extract the radiative coupling of the ρ(770) meson and, for the first time, the chiral anomaly F3π = 38(16)(11) GeV−3. The result is consistent with the chiral prediction albeit within large uncertainties, which will improve in accordance with progress in future lattice-QCD computations.

The Landslide Velocity

Proper knowledge of velocity is required in accurately determining the enormous destructive energy carried by a landslide. We present the first, simple and physics-based general analytical landslide velocity model that simultaneously incorporates the internal deformation (non-linear advection) and externally applied forces, consisting of the net driving force and the viscous resistant. From the physical point of view, the model stands as a novel class of non-linear advective – dissipative system where classical Voellmy and inviscid Burgers' equation are specifications of this general model. We show that the non-linear advection and external forcing fundamentally regulate the state of motion and deformation, which substantially enhances our understanding of the velocity of a coherently deforming landslide. Since analytical solutions provide the fastest, the most cost-effective and the best rigorous answer to the problem, we construct several new and general exact analytical solutions. These solutions cover the wider spectrum of landslide velocity and directly reduce to the mass point motion. New solutions bridge the existing gap between the negligibly deforming and geometrically massively deforming landslides through their internal deformations. This provides a novel, rapid and consistent method for efficient coupling of different types of mass transports. The mechanism of landslide advection, stretching and approaching to the steady-state has been explained. We reveal the fact that shifting, up-lifting and stretching of the velocity field stem from the forcing and non-linear advection. The intrinsic mechanism of our solution describes the fascinating breaking wave and emergence of landslide folding. This happens collectively as the solution system simultaneously introduces downslope propagation of the domain, velocity up-lift and non-linear advection. We disclose the fact that the domain translation and stretching solely depends on the net driving force, and along with advection, the viscous drag fully controls the shock wave generation, wave breaking, folding, and also the velocity magnitude. This demonstrates that landslide dynamics are architectured by advection and reigned by the system forcing. The analytically obtained velocities are close to observed values in natural events. These solutions constitute a new foundation of landslide velocity in solving technical problems. This provides the practitioners with the key information in instantly and accurately estimating the impact force that is very important in delineating hazard zones and for the mitigation of landslide hazards.

LEGAL CERTAINTY IN PROVIDING CERTIFICATE OF LAND RIGHTS FROM THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE BASED ON LAW NUMBER 13, 2017

The complexity of the issue of structuring land law after the independence of Timor Leste 20 years. The rise of community demands regarding land ownership rights is closely related to the principle of independence which cannot be separated from property rights, contract rights and freedom. Land rights are a separate issue for the RDTL state where there is dual ownership of certificates from the Portuguese colonial era and the Indonesian occupation of Timor Leste.This study aims to conduct a theoretical analysis of the authority of the ministry of justice in providing land rights certificates in accordance with applicable laws. this study adopts normative assumptions to indicate a critical problem in the ministry of justice which includes several literature reviews. As the final conclusion of this research, based on theoretical assumptions, it is explained thatOwnership of land and buildings must guarantee legal certainty and legal protection, legal certainty and legal protection regarding land that is property rights from a juridical point of view of the subjects land status, and from a physical point of view in the form of the location, boundaries and area of ​​land which are regulated based on statutory regulations. InvitationOn the basis of the dual ownership of land titles, the RDTL government has attempted to establish various land law instruments to regulate citizens rights to land. However, this still raises various problems, including: juridical problems, sociological problems, historical problems and politicalproblems. So that the writing of this article can also provide clarity on land law in the country of Timor Leste.

Partial velocity slip effect on working magneto non-Newtonian nanofluids flow in solar collectors subject to change viscosity and thermal conductivity with temperature

Solar thermal collectors distribute, capture, and transform the solar energy into a solar thermal concentration device. The present paper provides a mathematical model for analyzing the flow characteristics and transport of heat to solar collectors (SCs) from non-Newtonian nanofluids. The non-Newtonian power-law scheme is considered for the nanofluid through partial slip constraints at the boundary of a porous flat surface. The nanofluid is assumed to differ in viscosity and thermal conductivity linearly with temperature changes and the magnetic field is appliqued to the stream in the transverse direction. The method of similarity conversion is used to convert the governing structure of partial differential formulas into the system of ordinary differential ones. Using the Keller box procedure, the outcoming ordinary differential formulas along with partial slip constraints are numerically resolved. A discussion on the flowing and heat transport characteristics of nanofluid influenced by power law index, Joule heating parameter, MHD parameter and slip parameters are included from a physical point of view. Comparison of temperature profiles showed a marked temperature increase in the boundary layer due to Joule heating. The thickness of the motion boundary-layer is minimized and the transport of heat through boundary-layer is improved with the partial slip velocity and magnetic parameters rising. Finally, With an increase in the Eckert number, the distribution of temperature within boundary layer is increased.