Morphological and Cytochemical Classification of Adult Acute Leukemias in Two Multicenter Studies in the Federal Republic of Germany

1987 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Löffler ◽  
W. Kayser ◽  
N. Schmitz ◽  
E. Thiel ◽  
D. Hoelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Acute Leukemias

scholarly journals POWERS OF INVESTIGATING JUDGE IN UKRAINE AND GERMANY: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
P. M. Malanchuk ◽  
I. V. Bordun
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of

One of the components of criminal justice is the institute of an investigating judge. He has been introduced into the criminal process of our state relatively recently, but in the years of its existence already has certain achievements. The Institute of Investigatory Judges is an innovation in Ukraine and the entire post-Soviet area. Despite the fact that the above-mentioned subject was introduced into the criminal process of Ukraine recently, in comparison with other subjects, however, it plays a significant role. Indeed, it is he who is the guarantor of the observance of the constitutional rights and freedoms of persons suspected or accused of committing a criminal offense. But there are states where this institute has been introduced a long time ago and all questions regarding its existence are not relevant. In such states, the institute of investigator’s judge has already worked in many forms and has undergone significant changes. The article presents an analog of a Ukrainian investigating judge in the Federal Republic of Germany, although in Germany it has its name. He is called a district judge or investigating judge. The development of the Institute of Investigative Judge in Ukraine requires a thorough investigation of its powers and the study of this institute, based on the experience of other states. That is why the article reflects the main purpose with which the institute of the investigating court in Ukraine and the Federal Republic of Germany was created, considered the classification of scientists regarding the powers of the aforementioned entity, and also shows the relationship of the investigating judge with other participants in the pre-trial investigation. The article also defines the classification of investigators and reflects who and in what conditions may hold this post. However, the main purpose of this article is to compare the competence of the investigating judge of Ukraine, which was introduced in domestic legislation in 2012, and the competence of the investigating judge of the Federal Republic of Germany, whose prototype originated in the territory of Germany as early as the 13th century. We also plan to show the common and distinctive features of one institution in the two countries, as well as propose some changes to the Ukrainian criminal process, based on the experience of the Federal Republic of Germany. Keywords: institute of the investigating judge in Ukraine, the competence of the investigating judge, investigator judge in Germany, district judge, investigating judge.

Professional Qualification of German Physicians in Medical Informatics

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Medical Domain

Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of practical Medical Informatics problems. The formal qualification is available for more than 10 years, has become increasingly attractive, and is expected to grow with respect to future Medical Informatics developments.

Studies on Thalidomide as a Cause of Congenital Malformations

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapp ◽  
W. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Many Sources

SummaryIn 1961 an increase in certain congenital malformations was noticed in various parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. From the outset, it seemed very probable that a single cause was responsible, since, although these malformations varied, they appeared to belong to one and the same syndrome. For general reasons, such causes as radioactivity, contraceptives, attempted abortions or virus diseases did not provide an acceptable explanation. The epidemiology was, however, suggestive of some chemical substance taken orally.After thalidomide had been indicated in several histories, suspicion of that drug was aroused and, within one week, intake of it could be proved or was found to be very likely in 17 out of 20 cases, while in the remaining cases it could not be excluded. Though this first result was highly significant, we were at first reluctant to incriminate thalidomide definitely, because there was still some doubt about the reliability of the histories. But within a few weeks, the thalidomide aetiology received support from many sources. Specific studies on limited material are sometimes superior to extensive, broadly planned investigations.

Market Analysis of the Per Capita Consumption of Smoke Condensate and Nicotine in the Federal Republic of Germany Between 1961 – 1970/Trendanalysen zum Problem des Verbrauches an Nikotin und Rauchkondensat in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die Jahre 1961-1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Misfeld ◽  
J. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bundesrepublik Deutschland ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

AbstractOn the basis of numerous research results and data on the development of nicotine and condensate contents of German cigarettes, of their respective shares in the market, the smoked length of cigarettes, and of the pro capita consumption of cigarettes in the Federal Republic of Germany, an estimate has been prepared on the yearly pro capita consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic covering the years 1961-1970. The values for 1961 amount to 40.2 g of smoke condensate (crude) and to 2.04 g of nicotine. The values for 1970 are found to be only 29.4 g and 1.63 g respectively. That means that the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic has decreased during the last ten years. The share of smokers having remained almost the same, the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine per smoker is, as well, found to have decreased by about 27 % and 20 % respectively during the years between 1961 and 1970 despite an increased cigarette consumption.

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