Critical analysis of methods for measuring and monitoring of the population life quality

One of the problems of public administration is the need to select the best criteria for assessing the quality of life of the population. The aim of the study is to provide a critical analysis of current approaches to measuring and monitoring the quality of life of the population. The object of the study is the quality of life of the population. The subject of the research is approaches to measuring and monitoring the quality of life of the population.The article provides a comparative characteristic of the prevailing classes of measures used in economics. The advantages and disadvantages of natural, monetary, physical, power, temporal, dimensionless units of quality of life have been analysed. The main foreign and domestic approaches to such monitoring have been considered and the positions of the Russian Federation in foreign ratings of the quality of life have been indicated. Using the methods of content analysis, comparison, systems analysis, expert assessment, etc., the features of contemporary quality of life assessment tools have been highlighted. Global, subnational and national quality of life assessment methods in relation to measurement tools have been compared and a comparative analysis has been presented in a summary graph.The author’s classification of quality of life management approaches has been presented. Historical and economic analysis allows us to distinguish between the monetarist approach, the social justice approach, and the physico-economic approach. Monetary methods of managing the quality of life of the population are based on financial and economic factors and monetary measurement tools, the social justice approach is based on the study of socio-psychological factors and life satisfaction indicators, the physical and economic approach reconciles the needs of the socio-economic system with the capabilities of the natural environment and uses power units of measurement. Foreign research in recent years has been dominated by subjective (socio-psychological) measurement methods, whereas in Russian research objective measurement indicators still play a major role in monitoring quality of life.The article offers recommendations for developing an improved methodology for assessing the quality of life of the population using social time.

The practice of introducing an electronic health passport in educational institutions

Introduction. Monitoring of students' health and physical fitness in general educational institutions is an integral part of the educational process, however, it takes much time on the part of teachers and school authorities responsible for collecting and storing information about health. The research relevance is substantiated by the need to preserve and strengthen students' health due to the dependence of the quality of education on the level of students' health and their performance. The research purpose was to test an electronic health passport in educational institutions for a comprehensive assessment of students' health and physical fitness indicators. Materials and methods. More than 600 schoolchildren of three age groups took part in the study: students aged 8-9 (298 students), 12-13 (244 schoolchildren), 15-16 (119 boys and girls) from general educational institutions in Lipetsk. Methods of assessing the morphofunctional state (measurement of body weight and length, blood pressure, heart rate monitoring, health coefficient calculation), the questionnaire method (assessment of school motivation, the study of self-esteem, diagnostics of learning motivation and emotional attitude to learning, the Ladder test) and methods of assessing physical fitness included in the All-Russian Physical Education and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" were used. Research results. Significant differences (p<0.05) were determined in indicators of the health coefficient among schoolchildren from three general educational institutions in Lipetsk, and a tendency towards a decrease in the level of students' health from the lower grades to the higher ones was revealed. A decrease in indicators of school motivation and interest in the learning process was found in half of the students of primary school age (13-14 points out of 30 possible ones) and the majority of secondary school students (8-13 points out of 60 possible ones) and senior school students (7-12 points out of 60 possible ones). An insignificant difference (p>0.05) was found in the indicators of physical fitness of schoolchildren with different training profiles. The practice of introducing an automated electronic health passport system made it possible to systematize large amounts of information on various parameters characterizing the students' health and physical fitness in the shortest possible time and to optimize the teachers' work. Conclusion. The authors presented an experience of approbation of an electronic health passport, which made it possible to determine the level of physical, mental health and physical fitness of each student or group of students, formulate recommendations for students, parents and heads of educational institutions, as well as conduct a comparative characteristic of the studied indicators of schoolchildren from various educational institutions.

Application of budget allocation models in the management of investment processes in the context of the digital economy development

Within the study, the use of the public-private partnership mechanism in the management of investment processes in the context of digitalization was argued. The methodological basis of the study was a process approach, which allows to study multidirectional investment actions and the interdependent impact of the investment process, which determines the causal links of the development of investment entities at different levels in the collection of resources, in the conditions of the development of the digital economy. Endogenous sources include financial resources of internal and external origin. Exogenous investment resources include financial resources on loan, as well as budgetary allocations. Varieties of budget allocations include government procurement, concession, life cycle contract. Comparativecreativecharacterization of investment resource attraction models was carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations. In conclusion, they highlight the advantages of attracting investment resources at the expense of budgetary allocations, namely the public-private partnership model as a concession. Finally, it carriesout the comparative characteristic of the conditions of the implementation of investment projects in various models of attraction of investment resources at the expense of budgetary allocations.

PROSPECTIVE ELECTROMECHANICAL SHOCK ABSORBERS

The article considers the issue of the system of the running gear of a high-speed electric train with a body inclination and the system of oscillation recovery. The authors considered the main suspension systems of the electric train body, which are currently used. The main problems of these suspension systems were put forward. Attention is paid to the use of air-spring suspension. The pipe suspension of the VL80 electric locomotive and the construction of the trolley itself are considered. The basic criteria of an estimation of efficiency of perspective electromechanical shock-absorbers on which the comparative characteristic is carried out are defined. The article describes a promising electromechanical shock absorber based on a synchronous linear motor, which can provide both body tilt and damping and recovery of oscillations. The functional scheme of control of two synchronous linear motors which are established on one cart is considered. The operation of the control system of synchronous linear motors is described. The design of a linear DC motor with permanent magnets is described. The functional control scheme of two linear DC motors with permanent magnets is considered. The design of the electromechanical shock-absorber of the Bose company is resulted. The comparative characteristic of three perspective electromechanical shock-absorbers on six criteria is carried out. Conclusions are made and an electromechanical shock absorber is selected, which provides the basic needs of rolling stock.

Nationalism and Siberian Archeology of the 19th Century

The article provides a comparative characteristic of the nationally motivated ethnocultural concepts of the 19th century, based on the interpretation of Siberian peoples` history. Finnish nationalism was looking for the ancestral home of the Finns in Altai and tried to connect them with the Turkic-Mongol states of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Under the influence of the cultural and historical theories of regional experts, the Siberian national discourse itself began to form, which was especially clearly manifested in the example of the genesis of Altai nationalism. Russian great-power nationalism sought to make Slavic history more ancient and connected it with the prestigious Scythian culture. If we rely on the well-known periodization of the development of the national movement of M. Khrokh, then in the theory of the Finns` Altai origin, we can distinguish features characteristic of phase “B,” when the cultural capital of nationalism gradually turns into political. In turn, the historical research of the regional specialists illustrates the earliest stage in the emergence of the national movement, the period of nationalism not only without a nation but also without national intellectuals. The oblasts are forming the very national environment, which does not yet have the means for its own expression, but it obviously contains separatist potential. At the same time, both the Finnish and Siberian patriots, with their scientific research, solved the same ideological task—to include the objects of their research in the world cultural and historical context, to achieve recognition of their right to a place among European nations. However, Florinsky’s theory, performing the function of the official propaganda, is an example of the manifestation of state unifying nationalism, with imperial connotations characteristics of Russia.

Comparative characteristic between European and Ukrainian legal mechanisms for regulating the discharges of pollutants

The article examines and compares the structures and basic norms of legal mechanisms for controlling the discharge (CD) of polluting substances (PS) from point technogenical sources into surface waters of EU and Ukrainian legislation. To analyze the systemic construction of the European CDPS and a meaningful study of its main elements, a tool has been identified, which is the chain of spreading of restrictive (limiting) legal influence, its legislative links and regulative norms. The structure and composition of this chain of European CDPS are identified, PS flows and information links between restrictive standards are studied. It is noted that the main branches of the structure of the European CDPS are technological and environmental legal influences. The second branch is additional. It complements the first one for some priority substances and it uses to limit the discharge of PS properties of the area of the water body which adjacent to the discharge of PS, the so-called mixing zones (MZ). The place and significance of the CDPS subinstitution in the European water legislation are investigated. The peculiarities of the European regulatory standards of the CDPS are determined. The comparison of the European and Ukrainian CDPSs using the scale of features that characterize the links in the chain of limiting legal influence is fulfilled. The concordance of the features of the Ukrainian CDPS to the European one was assessed by the categories: “fully compliant”, “partially compliant”, “does not contradict”, “does not comply”, “not regulated by EU legislation”. The distribution of concordance assessments testifies to the fundamental difference between the European CDPS and the Ukrainian one. The most important differences of legal discordance are investigated. It is concluded that the main difference between the two CDPS subinstitutions is that Ukrainian regulation is based only on the economic use of the assimilative capacity of the MZ. It is emphasized that the concept of MZ for more than 60 years of its actual use has not received proper legal justification in Ukrainian law. In contrast to the Ukrainian regulation, the main influence of the European CDPS is aimed at directly limiting the sources of PS. The priority changes in the water legislation of Ukraine for the implementation of the requirements of the EU legislation on CDPS, have been proposed.

GTO complex as a factor in order to motivate young people to practice sports

The article considers the relevance of the introduction of the complex “Ready for Labour and Defence” (abbreviated as GTO in the Russian Federation, analyses how it encourages young people to practice sports. A comparative characteristic of the GTO standards that were in force in the USSR and of those that are in use in modern Russia is carried out. The correlation between the results of passing the standards for physical training and the GTO complex by cadets of education organizations of higher learning of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is revealed. The importance and significance of the introduction of the above-mentioned complex is proved. A comparison of the attitude of cadets of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and students of technical universities was made, which led to the conclusion that it is necessary to increase interest in passing the GTO complex not only among athletes and cadets of law enforcement institutions, but also among the youth of the country as a whole. Based on the results of a survey of one hundred and fifty people aged from 17 to 23 years, a study was conducted to reveal the affect of passing the GTO standards on young people’s desire to practice sports. The results of the survey presented in the diagram allow us to draw a conclusion that the «GTO» complex encourages young people to sport. The survey also revealed a number of current problems related to the inability to train and pass certain types of additional standards, as well as ways to solve them. The study was conducted to examine the opinion of young people about the GTO complex, as well as to determine the relevance and need to popularize this complex among the younger generation. The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle and maintaining good physical shape through sports training is highlighted.

Comparative characteristic of the ways of development of the Kaniv natural reserve and “Khortytsia” national reserve

The purpose of the article is to assess the degree of development of the Kaniv reserve from the point of view of the modern concept of development of the reserve management. The methodology. In the research we used a historical approach, a systematic approach, a comparative method was used as a main one. It is the comparative method that makes it possible to assess the state of reserves and their development prospects, to determine their strengths and weaknesses. The results. On the example of the Kaniv natural reserve, there are significant gaps in the systemic development of the organization of the work of the reserve. Kaniv reserve was founded on July 30, 1923, and Khortytsia national reserve — much later, in 1965. Both reserves are characterized by the presence of a significant number of both natural and historical and cultural sites. However, the history of the creation of the two institutions was different. If the initial stage of their existence in both cases was characterized by the complexity of nature conservation and works on the protection of monuments, then in further history one can find differences in attitudes towards historical and cultural monuments and their research. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the identification of shortcomings and omissions in the vector of development of nature reserves in Ukraine, in particular, Kaniv natural reserve. The Khortytsia national reserve retains its complexity and constantly improves the forms of study and popularization of historical and cultural monuments and their museums. Unfortunately, there is no museum in the Kaniv reserve and in general archaeological monuments are not used in the excursion work of the reserve. This article studies this problem and suggests the ways to resolve it. The practical significance of the article is to determine the possibilities of intensifying and improving the work of the reserve, in particular, increasing the level of tourism potential.

Comparative characteristic of atmospheric air quality on the right-bank and left-bank parts of Ulyanovsk

The investigation was carried out on the basis of analysis of data from stationary monitoring stations for atmospheric pollution during two-year period (2020-2021) and the city's zoning scheme. As a result of the investigation priority pollutants were identified for the right-bank and left-bank parts of Ulyanovsk. According to the list of priority pollutants, a number of prospective sources of these emissions were identified. Key words: stationary observation posts, priority pollutants, pollution sources, mobile posts, environmental standards.