Squid as Predators on Krill (Euphausia superba) and Prey for Sperm Whales in the Southern Ocean

1988 ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nemoto ◽  
M. Okiyama ◽  
N. Iwasaki ◽  
T. Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Sperm Whales

scholarly journals Euphausiid community structure and population structure of Euphausia superba off Adélie Land in the Southern Ocean during austral summer 2003, 2005 and 2008

Polar Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ono ◽  
Masato Moteki ◽  
Kazuo Amakasu ◽  
Ryoji Toda ◽  
Naho Horimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Euphausia Superba

CCAMLR and its approaches to management of the krill fishery

Polar Record ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (162) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Central Resource

AbstractThe Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic MarineLiving Resources has met annually since 1982, with the task of implementing the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources; the treaty which was designed to manage rationally the exploitation of resources in the Southern Ocean. The central resource of the region is Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) and despite nine years of meetings the Commission has yet to adopt any conservation measures to protect krill. This article examines the published work of the Commission, seeking to determine how the Commission has dealt with the krill fishery and why it has not yet developed a krill management plan.

Francis Charles Fraser, 16 June 1903 - 21 October 1978

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 287-317
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Personal Qualities

Francis Charles Fraser, internationally respected as a leading authority on whales, dolphins and porpoises, spent most of his career (1933-69) in the British Museum (Natural History). His introduction to cetology could not have been better. From 1925 to 1933 he was a zoologist on ‘ Discovery Investigations’, charged with the main task of studying the life and death of whales in relation to their physical and biological surroundings in the Southern Ocean. Fraser’s Discovery research, as will be seen, was considerably more than that represented in his definitive study on the development of krill ( Euphausia superba ), the food of the large baleen whales. His publications from the Museum were almost entirely concerned with cetaceans. That he was able to pursue this research, despite the heavy and increasing demands of museum and other duties, was due to his adroitness as an organizer and the disciplined way he divided his time. There was also his determination, which matched his sturdy figure. His personal qualities will emerge as this memoir proceeds. But it is right now to say that many remember him with affection and miss the warmth of his company.

Behavioural sensitivity of a key Southern Ocean species (Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba) to p,p′-DDE exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita H. Poulsen ◽  
So Kawaguchi ◽  
Catherine K. King ◽  
Robert A. King ◽  
Susan M. Bengtson Nash
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba

The base composition of the krill genome and its potential susceptibility to damage by UV-B

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jarman ◽  
Nicholas Elliott ◽  
Stephen Nicol ◽  
Andrew McMinn ◽  
Stuart Newman
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Radiation Damages ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
High Concentrations

We have determined the base composition (percentage of guanine-cytosine base pairs, GC%) of total DNA from Euphausia superba to be 32% ± 0.5%. This is the lowest GC% recorded for a metazoan. Low GC% DNA has high concentrations of thymine (T) residues and consequently a greater abundance of adjacent T residues [T(n) arrays]. Ultraviolet B (280–320 nm, UV-B) radiation damages DNA primarily at (T)n arrays, so we suggest that krill DNA may be more susceptible to damage from increased levels of UV-B radiation over the Southern Ocean than the DNA of other Antarctic organisms.

scholarly journals Where do penguins go during the inter-breeding period? Using geolocation to track the winter dispersion of the macaroni penguin

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bost ◽  
J. B. Thiebot ◽  
D. Pinaud ◽  
Y. Cherel ◽  
P. N. Trathan
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
World Population ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Central Indian Ocean ◽  
Macaroni Penguin

Although penguins are key marine predators from the Southern Ocean, their migratory behaviour during the inter-nesting period remains widely unknown. Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, the winter foraging movements and feeding habits of a penguin species by using geolocation sensors fitted on penguins with a new attachment method. We focused on the macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus at Kerguelen, the single largest consumer of marine prey among all seabirds. Overall, macaroni penguins performed very long winter trips, remaining at sea during approximately six months within the limits of the Southern Ocean. They departed from Kerguelen in an eastward direction and distributed widely, over more than 3.10 6 km 2 . The penguins spent most of their time in a previously unrecognized foraging area, i.e. a narrow latitudinal band (47–49° S) within the central Indian Ocean (70–110° E), corresponding oceanographically to the Polar Frontal Zone. There, their blood isotopic niche indicated that macaroni penguins preyed mainly upon crustaceans, but not on Antarctic krill Euphausia superba , which does not occur at these northern latitudes. Such winter information is a crucial step for a better integrative approach for the conservation of this species whose world population is known to be declining.

Circumpolar occurrence of eugregarinid protozoanCephaloidophora pacificaassociated with Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio T. Takahashi ◽  
Masaki Kobayashi ◽  
So Kawaguchi ◽  
Junko Saigusa ◽  
Atsushi Tanimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Syowa Station ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe geographical distribution of protozoan parasiteCephaloidophora pacificaAvdeev (Order Eugregarininda) associated with Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba, was examined in samples collected from the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula, near Syowa Station, and Pacific and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean.Cephaloidophora pacificawas found at all stations around the Antarctic, with 96.4% of the euphausiids infected (n = 195). The numbers ofC. pacificaper krill ranged from 0 to 8089 krill-1, and the average was 350.0 ± 787.8 (mean ± SD). The frequency distributions ofC. pacificashowed an overdispersed parasite population (i.e. the variance was greater than the mean) at all locations. Statistical analysis showed that whilst the geographical location did not have a significant effect on intensity ofC. pacificathe maturity stage of krill did, with an increasing intensity of infection as krill matures. The infestation ofE. superbaby eugregarinid protozoan is considered to be a circum-Antarctic phenomenon, and it occurs equally throughout the Southern Ocean.

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