The Role of Tumour Polypassage at Short Intervals in the Evolution of Experimental Neoplasia

1967 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
O. Costachel
Keyword(s):  
Short Intervals

SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE EPISODIC SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN THE RAM

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LINCOLN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

SUMMARY Rams of an ancient breed of domestic sheep (Soay) were housed under artificial lighting conditions to study the way in which the secretion of LH and testosterone changes in relation to the mating season. Conspicuous changes were found in the short-term fluctuations in plasma LH concentrations related to the cycle of testis growth and regression; serial blood samples collected at short intervals revealed episodic peaks in plasma LH at all times, but there were changes in the frequency (lowest when the testes were regressed and highest when fully active), amplitude (lowest at the peak of testis activity, and highest during the developing phase), and duration of the peaks (shortest when the testes were regressed). In addition, the basal levels changed from being lowest in the regressed phase of the testis cycle, and highest when the gonads were most active. Plasma testosterone concentrations changed in parallel with the cycle of testis size and were correlated with the fluctuating levels of LH. Each episodic peak in plasma LH was associated with an increase in the level of testosterone, beginning after 0–30 min and rising to a peak at 60–90 min; the speed and magnitude of the response being greatest when the testes were largest, but was not correlated with the magnitude of the LH change. Injections of LH releasing hormone (5 μg) stimulated an increase in plasma LH and testosterone proportional to the endogenous fluctuations in the hormones at the various stages of the seasonal cycle; LH concentrations were raised to supra-physiological levels after the injections, while testosterone concentrations seldom exceeded the normal peak values at any stage. These observations are used to discuss the role of the hypothalamus in the control of male seasonality with emphasis on the dynamic interplay between the hypothalamus, pituitary and testis.

scholarly journals RING Finger Protein 11 (RNF11) modulates dopamine release in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Privman Champaloux ◽  
Nathan Donelson ◽  
Poojan Pyakurel ◽  
Danielle Wolin ◽  
Leah Ostendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ring Finger Protein ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
D2 Antagonist

AbstractRecent work indicates a role for RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) in Parkinson disease (PD) pathology, which involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, the role of RNF11 in regulating dopamine neurotransmission has not been studied. In this work, we tested the effect of RNF11 RNAi knockdown or overexpression on stimulated dopamine release in the larval Drosophila central nervous system. Dopamine release was stimulated using optogenetics and monitored in real-time using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at an electrode implanted in an isolated ventral nerve cord. RNF11 knockdown doubled dopamine release, but there was no decrease in dopamine from RNF11 overexpression. RNF11 knockdown did not significantly increase stimulated serotonin or octopamine release, indicating the effect is dopamine specific. Dopamine clearance was also changed, as RNF11 RNAi flies had a higher Vmax and RNF11 overexpressing flies had a lower Vmax than control flies. RNF11 RNAi flies had increased mRNA levels of dopamine transporter (DAT) in RNF11, confirming changes in DAT. In RNF11 RNAi flies, release was maintained better for stimulations repeated at short intervals, indicating increases in the recycled releasable pool of dopamine. Nisoxetine, a DAT inhibitor, and flupenthixol, a D2 antagonist, did not affect RNF11 RNAi or overexpressing flies differently than control. Thus, RNF11 knockdown causes early changes in dopamine neurotransmission, and this is the first work to demonstrate that RNF11 affects both dopamine release and uptake. RNF11 expression decreases in human dopaminergic neurons during PD, and that decrease may be protective by increasing dopamine neurotransmission in the surviving dopaminergic neurons.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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