Theoretical Orientations and Literature Review

En este estudio hemos pretendido profundizar en las diferentes teorías que sirven de base a los programas preventivos de drogas para analizar las diferentes variables que permiten comprender por qué unas personas consumen drogas y otras no. Se han estudiado los factores que facilitan el consumo, y el no consumo, para descubrir estrategias preventivas adecuadas que faciliten la disminución de la ingesta y evitar que ésta se produzca. También hace referencia a las características psicosociales de la adolescencia, etapa especialmente difícil y que se convierte en un momento de riesgo importante para las personas. El marco de referencia de estas orientaciones preventivas es la educación para la salud. La metodología empleada ha sido la búsqueda y revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones científicas y de las diferentes orien- taciones teóricas, a través de las cuales se ha llegado a demostrar la relación entre la etiología de los consumos y sus consecuencias.In this study the aim was to take a deeper look at the various theories that underpin the programmes for preventing drug addiction so as to analyse the different variables that enable us to understand why some people consume drugs and others do not. The factors that facilitate consumption and non-consumption were examined to discover suitable preventive strategies that lead to a drop in consumption or prevent it from taking place. The study also refers to the psychosocial traits of adolescence, a particularly difficult stage, and one that people see as a significant period of risk. The framework informing such preventive counselling is based on health education.The methodology used entailed the search and literature review of scientific research projects and various theoretical orientations, through which it was possible to show the relationship between the aetiology of consumption and its consequences.

Download Full-text

Effect of Computerized Auditory Training on Speech Perception of Adults With Hearing Impairment

Perspectives on Aural Rehabilitation and Its Instrumentation ◽

10.1044/arri20.3.91 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 91-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rachel Pizarek ◽

Valeriy Shafiro ◽

Patricia McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Speech Perception ◽

Literature Review ◽

Low Cost ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Auditory Training ◽

Hearing Impairments ◽

Communicative Disorders ◽

And Training

Computerized auditory training (CAT) is a convenient, low-cost approach to improving communication of individuals with hearing loss or other communicative disorders. A number of CAT programs are being marketed to patients and audiologists. The present literature review is an examination of evidence for the effectiveness of CAT in improving speech perception in adults with hearing impairments. Six current CAT programs, used in 9 published studies, were reviewed. In all 9 studies, some benefit of CAT for speech perception was demonstrated. Although these results are encouraging, the overall quality of available evidence remains low, and many programs currently on the market have not yet been evaluated. Thus, caution is needed when selecting CAT programs for specific patients. It is hoped that future researchers will (a) examine a greater number of CAT programs using more rigorous experimental designs, (b) determine which program features and training regimens are most effective, and (c) indicate which patients may benefit from CAT the most.

Download Full-text

Taking Care of Children After Traumatic Brain Injury

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi13.3.79 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Haarbauer-Krupa

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Literature Review ◽

School Setting ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Educational Information ◽

Taking Care

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to inform speech-language pathologists in the schools about issues related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury.Method: Literature review of characteristics, outcomes and issues related to the needs serving children.Results: Due to acquired changes in cognition, children with traumatic brain injury have unique needs in a school setting.Conclusions: Speech-Language Pathologists in the school can take a leadership role with taking care of children after a traumatic brain injury and coordination of medical and educational information.

Download Full-text