DNA Damage by Free Radicals. Mechanism, Meaning and Measurement

1994 ◽  
pp. 31-61
Author(s):  
B. Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals

scholarly journals In vitro toxic evaluation of two gliptins and their main impurities of synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila F. A. Giordani ◽  
Sarah Campanharo ◽  
Nathalie R. Wingert ◽  
Lívia M. Bueno ◽  
Joanna W. Manoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mtt Reduction ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background The presence of impurities in some drugs may compromise the safety and efficacy of the patient’s treatment. Therefore, establishing of the biological safety of the impurities is essential. Diabetic patients are predisposed to tissue damage due to an increased oxidative stress process; and drug impurities may contribute to these toxic effects. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the toxicity, in 3 T3 cells, of the antidiabetic agents sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and their two main impurities of synthesis (S1 and S2; V1 and V2, respectively). Methods MTT reduction and neutral red uptake assays were performed in cytotoxicity tests. In addition, DNA damage (measured by comet assay), intracellular free radicals (by DCF), NO production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) were evaluated. Results Cytotoxicity was observed for impurity V2. Free radicals generation was found at 1000 μM of sitagliptin and 10 μM of both vildagliptin impurities (V1 and V2). A decrease in NO production was observed for all vildagliptin concentrations. No alterations were observed in ΔψM or DNA damage at the tested concentrations. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the presence of impurities might increase the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of the pharmaceutical formulations at the concentrations studied.

Wood smoke particles generate free radicals and cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, NFκB activation and TNF-α release in macrophages

Toxicology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 150 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Leonard ◽  
Suwei Wang ◽  
Xianglin Shi ◽  
Bryan S. Jordan ◽  
Vince Castranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Tnf Α

The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: An oxidative DNA damage pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Barreto ◽  
Diego Madureira ◽  
Francisco Capani ◽  
Laura Aon-Bertolino ◽  
Ezequiel Saraceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage

scholarly journals Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Potential and Oxidative DNA Damage Preventive Activity ofTrachyspermum ammiL. (Carom) andFoeniculum vulgareMill. (Fennel) Seed Extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Goswami ◽  
Sreemoyee Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Preventive Activity ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Extracts

Oxidation of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids results in generation of free radicals in an organism which is the major cause of onset of various degenerative diseases. Antioxidants scavenge these free radicals, thereby protecting the cell from damage. The present study was designed to examine the free radical scavenging potential and oxidative DNA damage preventive activity of traditionally used spicesTrachyspermum ammiL. (carom) andFoeniculum vulgareMill. (fennel). The aqueous, methanolic, and acetonic extracts ofT. ammiandF. vulgareseeds were prepared using soxhlet extraction assembly and subjected to qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents. Free radical scavenging potential was investigated using standard methods, namely, DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay along with the protection against oxidative DNA damage. The results stated that acetonic seed extracts (AAcSE and FAcSE) of both the spices possessed comparatively high amount of total phenolics whereas methanolic seed extracts (AMSE and FMSE) were found to have highest amount of total flavonoids. At 1 mg/mL concentration, highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by FMSE (96.2%), AAcSE was recorded with highest FRAP value (2270.27 ± 0.005 μmol/L), and all the seed extracts have been shown to mitigate the damage induced by Fenton reaction on calf thymus DNA. Therefore, the study suggests thatT. ammiandF. vulgareseed extracts could contribute as a highly significant bioresource of antioxidants to be used in our day-to-day life and in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Free radicals associated with DNA damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1459-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu ◽  
Peter O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic and antioxidant potential of medicinal mushrooms (Immune Assist) against DNA damage induced by free radicals-an in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 403078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Živković ◽  
Vladan Bajić ◽  
Marija Bruić ◽  
Sunčica Borozan ◽  
Kristina Popić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms
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