The morphogenetic rôle of apical meristems: fundamental aspects (illustrated by means of the shoot apical meristem)

1965 ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
C. W. Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristems

An altered body plan is conferred on Arabidopsis plants carrying dominant alleles of two genes

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 2395-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grbic ◽  
A.B. Bleecker
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Meristems

In this paper, we describe a late-flowering ecotype of Arabidopsis, Sy-0, in which the axillary meristems maintain a prolonged vegetative phase, even though the primary shoot apical meristem has already converted to reproductive development. This novel heterochronic shift in the development of axillary meristems results in the formation of aerial rosettes of leaves at the nodes of the primary shoot axis. We present evidence that the aerial-rosette phenotype arises due to the interaction between dominant alleles of two genes: ART, aerial rosette gene (on chromosome 5) and EAR, enhancer of aerial rosette (on chromosome 4): EAR has been tentatively identified as a new allele of the FRI locus. The possible role of these two genes in the conversion of shoot apical meristems to reproductive development is discussed.

The shoot apical meristem: an historical perspectiveThis review is one of a selection of papers published on the Special Theme of Shoot Apical Meristems.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor A. Steeves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristems

Although much of the current investigation of shoot apical meristems is in the realm of molecular genetic analysis, it is important that previous structural and functional studies not be overlooked as essential background to these studies. Since Caspar Friedrich Wolff described the shoot apical meristem in 1759, many and varied interpretations have arisen. In the early 19th century, the apical cell was recognized in seedless vascular plants and this interpretation was extended to seed plants. However, by the 1860s, this view was replaced in seed plants by the histogen concept, which recognized meristem layers in the apical meristem giving rise to specific tissues. In 1924, the tunica–corpus interpretation of angiosperm shoot apices became widespread, the two regions being distinguished by different planes of cell division. In the 1950s, the “méristème d’attente” concept appeared in France, which argued that the central region of the apex remained essentially inactive until the onset of flowering. Meanwhile, the recognition of zonation patterns in angiosperm and gymnosperm shoot apices assumed growing functional importance. Clonal analysis based on chimeras in the meristem indicated the presence of initial cells but also their replacement. Surgical experimentation and culture of excised apices in vitro stressed the autonomy of the shoot apex and its role in shoot development. Present molecular genetic analysis may help to resolve some of the persistent questions concerning the organization and functioning of shoot apical meristems.

The role of hormones in shoot apical meristem function

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilon Shani ◽  
Osnat Yanai ◽  
Naomi Ori
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem

scholarly journals Regulation of Shoot Apical Meristem and Axillary Meristem Development in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Xue ◽  
Liya Liu ◽  
Cui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Axillary Meristem ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Plants retain the ability to produce new organs throughout their life cycles. Continuous aboveground organogenesis is achieved by meristems, which are mainly organized, established, and maintained in the shoot apex and leaf axils. This paper will focus on reviewing the recent progress in understanding the regulation of shoot apical meristem and axillary meristem development. We discuss the genetics of plant meristems, the role of plant hormones and environmental factors in meristem development, and the impact of epigenetic factors on meristem organization and function.

A model study of the role of proteins CLV1, CLV2, CLV3, and WUS in regulation of the structure of the shoot apical meristem

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikolaev ◽  
A. V. Penenko ◽  
V. V. Lavreha ◽  
E. D. Mjolsness ◽  
N. A. Kolchanov
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals The Role of PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in the Maintenance of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Arabidopsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolan Ung ◽  
Shruti Lal ◽  
Harley M.S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem

The branching of Trichomanes proliferum (Hymenophyllaceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hébant-Mauri
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristems ◽  
Apical Cells ◽  
Epiphyllous Buds

The general morphology, anatomy, and meristem histology of Trichomanes proliferum were studied in order to explain the morphogenesis of this fern. As opposed to Bierhorst's conclusions, T. proliferum was found to be a typical fern with normal tetrahedral shoot apical cells and lenticular leaf apical cells. The leaf is a lateral production of the shoot apical meristem. This species is similar morphologically to other species in the genus Trichomanes: the shoot apical meristems on the creeping stolons produce "lateral systems," composed of a leaf and a bud, which are extraaxillary, as in other Trichomanes species with a creeping filiform stolon. The unique morphology of this fern is due to two supplementary branching systems: a lateral branching of the stolon, which is leafless at the fork, and an epiphyllous budding, which results in the formation of additional leaves by a different process of development. Key words: fern, branching, morphogenesis, histogenesis, epiphyllous buds.

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