Functional MRI Evidence for Neural Plasticity at Early Stages of Visual Processing in Humans

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early Stages

scholarly journals Familiarity affects the same event-related brain potential components in note readers and non-note readers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 205920431877823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Becker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Cognitive Domains

Musical expertise can lead to neural plasticity in specific cognitive domains (e.g., in auditory music perception). However, not much is known about whether the visual perception of simple musical symbols (e.g., notes) already differs between musicians and non-musicians. This was the aim of the present study. Therefore, the Familiarity Effect (FE) – an effect which occurs quite early during visual processing and which is based on prior knowledge or expertise – was investigated. The FE describes the phenomenon that it is easier to find an unfamiliar element (e.g., a mirrored eighth note) in familiar elements (e.g., normally oriented eighth notes) than to find a familiar element in a background of unfamiliar elements. It was examined whether the strength of the FE for eighth notes differs between note readers and non-note readers. Furthermore, it was investigated at which component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) the FE occurs. Stimuli that consisted of either eighth notes or vertically mirrored eighth notes were presented to the participants (28 note readers, 19 non-note readers). A target element was embedded in half of the trials. Reaction times, sensitivity, and three ERP components (the N1, N2p, and P3) were recorded. For both the note readers and the non-note readers, strong FEs were found in the behavioral data. However, no differences in the strength of the FE between groups were found. Furthermore, for both groups, the FE was found for the same ERP components (target-absent trials – N1 latency; target-present trials – N2p latency, N2p amplitude, P3 amplitude). It is concluded that the early visual perception of eighth note symbols does not differ between note readers and non-note readers. However, future research is needed to verify this for more complex musical stimuli and for professional musicians.

Neural Plasticity of Brain Motor Networks in Professional Fencers Studied with Functional MRI (IN6-1.001)

Neurology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (Meeting Abstracts 1) ◽  
pp. IN6-1.001-IN6-1.001
Author(s):  
L. Parisi ◽  
M. Rocca ◽  
L. Leocani ◽  
R. Gatti ◽  
C. Castellani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Neural Plasticity

scholarly journals Recognition and Neural Plasticity Responding to Deficient Nutrient Intake Scanned by a Functional MRI in the Brain of Rats with L-Lysine Deficiency

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (S5) ◽  
pp. 685S-688S ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yokawa ◽  
Eiichi Tabuchi ◽  
Misako Takezawa ◽  
Taketoshi Ono ◽  
Kunio Torii
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Altering sensorimotor simulation impacts early stages of facial expression processing depending on individual differences in alexithymic traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Schiano Lomoriello ◽  
Antonio Maffei ◽  
Sabrina Brigadoi ◽  
Paola Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Facial Mimicry ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Expression Processing

Simulation models of facial expressions suggest that posterior visual areas and brain areas underpinning sensorimotor simulations might interact to improve facial expression processing. According to these models, facial mimicry, a manifestation of sensorimotor simulation, may contribute to the visual processing of facial expressions by influencing early stages. The aim of this study was to assess whether and how sensorimotor simulation influences early stages of face processing, also investigating its relationship with alexithymic traits given that previous studies have suggested that individuals with high levels of alexithymic traits (vs. individuals with low levels of alexithymic traits) tend to use sensorimotor simulation to a lesser extent. We monitored P1 and N170 ERP components of the event-related potentials (ERP) in participants performing a fine discrimination task of facial expressions and animals, as a control condition. In half of the experiment, participants could freely use their facial mimicry whereas in the other half they had their facial mimicry blocked by a gel. Our results revealed that only individuals with lower compared to high alexithymic traits showed a larger modulation of the P1 amplitude as a function of the mimicry manipulation selectively for facial expressions (but not for animals), while we did not observe any modulation of the N170. Given the null results at the behavioural level, we interpreted the P1 modulation as compensative visual processing in individuals with low levels of alexithymia under conditions of interference on the sensorimotor processing, providing a preliminary evidence in favor of sensorimotor simulation models.

scholarly journals Working memory load improves early stages of independent visual processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cocchi ◽  
Ulrike Toepel ◽  
Marzia De Lucia ◽  
Roberto Martuzzi ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Early Stages

The role of early stages of cortical visual processing in size and distance judgment: A transcranial direct current stimulation study

2015 ◽  
Vol 588 ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago L. Costa ◽  
Marcelo F. Costa ◽  
Adsson Magalhães ◽  
Gabriel G. Rêgo ◽  
Balázs V. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Distance Judgment ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cortical Visual Processing
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