New Flexible Non-parametric Data Transformation for Trans-Gaussian Kriging

Order picking is a crucial but labor- and cost-intensive activity in the retail logistics and e-commerce domain. Comprehensive changes are implemented in this field due to new technologies like AI and automation. Nevertheless, human worker’s activities will be required for quite some time in the future. This fosters the necessity of evaluating manual picker-to-part operations. We apply the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of n = 23 order pickers processing 6109 batches with 865,410 stock keeping units (SKUs). We use distance per location, picks per location, as well as volume per SKU as inputs and picks per hour as output. As the convexity axiom of standard DEA models cannot be fully satisfied when using ratio measures with different denominators, we apply the Free Disposal Hull (FDH) approach that does not assume convexity. Validating the efficiency scores with the company’s efficiency assessment, operationalized by premium payments shows a 93% goodness=of-fit for the proposed model. The formulated non-parametric approach and its empirical application are promising ways forward in implementing empirical efficiency measurements for order picking operations within e-commerce operations.

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Non-Parametric Analysis of Efficiency: An Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8091522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1522

Author(s):

Ricardo F. Díaz ◽

Blanca Sanchez-Robles

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Small Firms ◽

Medium Size ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Parametric Data ◽

Research Specialization ◽

Main Activity ◽

The Cost ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Non Parametric

Increases in the cost of research, specialization and reductions in public expenditure in health are changing the economic environment for the pharmaceutical industry. Gains in productivity and efficiency are increasingly important in order for firms to succeed in this environment. We analyze empirically the performance of efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry over the period 2010–2018. We work with microdata from a large sample of European firms of different characteristics regarding size, main activity, country of origin and other idiosyncratic features. We compute efficiency scores for the firms in the sample on a yearly basis by means of non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques. Basic results show a moderate average level of efficiency for the firms which encompass the sample. Efficiency is higher for companies which engage in manufacturing and distribution than for firms focusing on research and development (R&D) activities. Large firms display higher levels of efficiency than medium-size and small firms. Our estimates point to a decreasing pattern of average efficiency over the years 2010–2018. Furthermore, we explore the potential correlation of efficiency with particular aspects of the firms’ performance. Profit margins and financial solvency are positively correlated with efficiency, whereas employee costs display a negative correlation. Institutional aspects of the countries of origin also influence efficiency levels.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness on Puberty Menorrhagia among Medical Students of Saveetha Medical College

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i50b33446 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 235-240

Author(s):

T. Sarathkumar ◽

K. Jayashree

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Statistical Tools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Parametric Data ◽

Non Parametric

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and awareness on pubertal menorrhagia among medical students. Design: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam. Methodology: The study was carried out on 129 students comprising of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th year M.B.B.S students. The students were given a pretested questionnaire and asked to fill up the questions. The responses were collected and analysed using appropriate statistical tools for parametric and non-parametric data with the help of SPSS for Windows version 22 software. Results: The knowledge of participants on pubertal menorrhagia was 58%. The participants that had a positive attitude concerning pubertal menorrhagia was 55% the awareness of participants on pubertal menorrhagia was 51% Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a definitive knowledge of pubertal menorrhagia among students. the participants showed the palpable deficit of knowledge and awareness as well. To prevent such practices knowledge, awareness must spread among the students.

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