Expressing Fuzzy Measure by a Model of Modal Logic: A Discrete Case

The connection of the modern psychology and formal systems remains an important direction of research. This paper is centered on philosophical problems surrounding relations between mental and logic. Main attention is given to philosophy of logic but certain ideas are introduced that can be incorporated into the practical philosophical logic. The definition and properties of basic modal logic and descending ones which are used in study of mental activity are in view. The defining role of philosophical interpretation of modality for the particular formal system used for research in the field of psychological states of agents is postulated. Different semantics of modal logic are studied. The hypothesis about the connection of research in cognitive psychology (semantics of brain activity) and formal systems connected to research of psychological states is stated.

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The Construction of a Vague Fuzzy Measure Through L1 Parameter Optimization

10.21236/ada567409 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Evgeni Dimitrov ◽

Hayden Schaeffer ◽

David Wen ◽

Sandra Rankovic ◽

Kizza Nandyose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parameter Optimization ◽

Fuzzy Measure

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A New Fuzzy Measure for the Analytic Hierarchy Process with the Choquet Integral

Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽

10.22367/mcdm.2016.11.08 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 125-136

Author(s):

Moussa Larbani ◽

◽

Yuh-Wen Chen ◽

Keyword(s):

Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽

Choquet Integral ◽

Fuzzy Measure ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

The Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽

Hierarchy Process

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A new approach to the logic of discovery

Theoria Beograd ◽

10.2298/theo0701007m ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 7-27

Author(s):

Gerald Massey

Keyword(s):

Modal Logic ◽

Scientific Discovery ◽

Traditional View ◽

New Approach ◽

Logic Of Discovery ◽

Good Fortune ◽

High Incidence ◽

History Of ◽

Deep Sense

Contending that the quest for a logic of scientific discovery was prematurely abandoned, the author lays down eight phenomena that such a logic or theory must explain: the banality of scientific discovery; the trainability of scientists; the high incidence of simultaneous discoveries; the ubiquity of relative novices; the fact of scientific genius; the barrenness of isolated workers; the incommensurability of concepts of successive theories; and the quasi-incorporation of old concepts, objects, and methods in successor theories, The author then presents a new theory or logic of discovery according to which discoveries are the termini of "tweak paths" generated when scientists "tinker" with the laws, concepts, methods, and instruments of a given theory. Tinkering and tweaking are illustrated by examples from many-valued and modal logic and from Darwinian biology. Through the history of planetary discovery, the accidental role played by luck or good fortune in some discoveries is explored, but the author emphasizes that in a deep sense serendipity is an in eliminable feature of all scientific discovery because scientists never know m advance whether their tweaks will lead to dead ends or to positive developments. The author's new theory of scientific discovery is shown to account for all eight explananda, ft also reveals science to be a more egalitarian enterprise than the traditional view of scientific discovery as ultimately inexplicable depicts it.

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Implications for the epistemic auxiliaries

10.1093/oso/9780198701347.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Lassiter

Keyword(s):

Modal Logic ◽

Probabilistic Theory ◽

Context Sensitive ◽

Rule Out

The semantics of the adjectives places strong constraints on theories of the better-studied epistemic auxiliaries. This chapter motivates some basic connections – for instance, must asymmetrically entails likely; likely asymmetrically entails might and possible; and certain asymmetrically entails must (modulo the evidential presupposition of the latter). In addition, I present a lottery experiment showing that might has a context-sensitive meaning that is stronger than possible’s. These connections suffice to rule out the classical treatment from modal logic, as revived recently by von Fintel & Gillies (2010). It also rules out Kratzer’s (1991) theory. The probabilistic theory of Swanson (2006); Lassiter (2011, 2016) satisfies our desiderata, though, as does Swanson’s (2015) blend of the scalar semantics with Kratzer’s account. Both have access to a plausible formalization of must’s evidential component, but the latter has additional interesting features – both strengths and weaknesses – involving dualities and the treatment of so-called “epistemic ought”.

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