AVHRR Data Sets for Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring

1996 ◽  
pp. 455-470
Author(s):  
A. S. Belward
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Avhrr Data

Analysis of vegetation green wave change in China using NOAA AVHRR data sets

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyao Wang ◽  
Qingyuan Zhang ◽  
Zheng Niu ◽  
Xiuwang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Avhrr Data ◽  
Wave Change

scholarly journals A new terrestrial biosphere model with coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles (QUINCY v1.0; revision 1772)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Thum ◽  
Silvia Caldararu ◽  
Jan Engel ◽  
Melanie Kern ◽  
Marleen Pallandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract. The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and strongly depend on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Many process-based models of the terrestrial biosphere have been gradually extended from considering carbon-water interactions to also including nitrogen, and later, phosphorus dynamics. This evolutionary model development has hindered full integration of these biogeochemical cycles and the feedbacks amongst them. Here we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which is formulated around a consistent representation of element cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This new model includes i) a representation of plant growth which separates source (e.g. photosynthesis) and sink (growth rate of individual tissues, constrained by nutrients, temperature, and water availability) processes; ii) the acclimation of many ecophysiological processes to meteorological conditions and/or nutrient availabilities; iii) an explicit representation of vertical soil processes to separate litter and soil organic matter dynamics; iv) a range of new diagnostics (leaf chlorophyll content; 13C, 14C, and 15N isotope tracers) to allow for a more in-depth model evaluation. We present the model structure and provide an assessment of its performance against a range of observations from global-scale ecosystem monitoring networks. We demonstrate that the framework is capable of consistently simulating ecosystem dynamics across a large gradient in climate and soil conditions, as well as across different plant functional types. To aid this understanding we provide an assessment of the model's sensitivity to its parameterisation and the associated uncertainty.

scholarly journals Simulating high-latitude permafrost regions by the JSBACH terrestrial ecosystem model

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ekici ◽  
C. Beer ◽  
S. Hagemann ◽  
J. Boike ◽  
M. Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. The current version of JSBACH incorporates phenomena specific to high latitudes: freeze/thaw processes, coupling thermal and hydrological processes in a layered soil scheme, defining a multilayer snow representation and an insulating moss cover. Evaluations using comprehensive Arctic data sets show comparable results at the site, basin, continental and circumarctic scales. Such comparisons highlight the need to include processes relevant to high-latitude systems in order to capture the dynamics, and therefore realistically predict the evolution of this climatically critical biome.

Review—The CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Programme

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
The Antarctic

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources states as part of its objective the maintenance of ecological relationships and the prevention of irreversible changes to the ecosystem. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has implemented an Ecosystem Monitoring Programme (CEMP) for the Antarctic marine environment to give effect to this requirement. The design phase of the programme took three years. The programme has been fully implemented since 1987 and involves monitoring selected predator, prey and environmental indicators of ecosystem performance. The central aim of the programme is the detection of changes in these indicators and the interpretation as to whether these changes are due to natural events or the harvesting of marine living resources. The core of the programme is the acquisition, centralised storage and analysis of standardised monitoring data combined with a strong emphasis on empirical and modelling based research. This both modifies the monitoring approach in line with changing requirements and creates a sound scientific background against which to test the effects of management options on components of the Antarctic ecosystem. The development of procedures for translating monitoring results into management advice is a critical part of the programme. Management takes the form of the regulation of fishing activities. Since 1987 CEMP has collected data on six bird and seal species at 15 sites around the Antarctic. Up to 14 parameters of predator performance and 10 parameters of prey and environmental performance are collected at each site. The data sets collected by CEMP form an extremely powerful tool for understanding and managing the Antarctic marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Climate seasonality limits carbon assimilation and storage in tropical forests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien H. Wagner ◽  
Bruno Hérault ◽  
Damien Bonal ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
Liana O. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
First Order ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Productivity Measurements

Abstract. The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associate canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm.yr−1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests); on the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. Precipitation first-order control indicates an overall decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate.

scholarly journals Te Ao Hurihuri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tamatamaarangi Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
End Users ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
The Creation

<p>At the heart of the thesis is the establishment of a new type of landscape practice based upon leveraging the power and potential of computational tools to serve cultural attitudes to land and land management. The research acknowledges that a new approach to landscape understanding is required, one that extends the current discipline’s mode of notation and representation/visualisation and ‘experience’ within the design process. It questions current forms of mapping and representational media and highlights limitations when communicating ‘non-traditional’ cartographic data, such as cultural and spiritual sites arguing that there are opportunities for a more holistic experiential interaction.  By utilising a holistic approach influenced by key Māori kaupapa including kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga, and mauri, the research offers up a novel digital methodology that draws from a range of existing data (demographics, climate etc.) and initiates the creation or capturing of new data.  This extended method of ‘bottom up’ data collection combined with virtual 3D modelling and visualisation, enables traditional understandings of landscape to extend to the experiential in the creation of an immersive, interactive and open collaborative 3D environment. This is further investigated through a process consisting of data conversion to mesh production for game engine use, incorporating diverse data sets to create new knowledge landscapes - an information-rich land model which in turn generates interactive 3D landscapes for end users.  The process itself uses commonplace photogrammetry techniques as a means to capture selected areas of the cultural landscape recording both mesh and texture/image map. We then employ the software ‘Unreal Engine 4’ (Game development platform). The development of the gamification model allows location specific data to be ‘plugged in’ for landscape ecosystem monitoring also providing the potential for real time resource management.  Future speculation of the cultural landscape enables climate events to be simulated and tested, giving an understanding of implications and risks with a view to local response and mitigation. From a design perspective the method/model allows designers to respond effectively with Māori end users and their real needs, potentially collapsing traditional modes of engagement and consultation between designer-client relationships providing a more bottom up collaborative approach.</p>

Terrestrial ecosystem monitoring in Canada and the greater role for integrated earth observation

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Pasher ◽  
Paul A. Smith ◽  
Mark R. Forbes ◽  
Jason Duffe
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring

Ecosystems are valuable as well as aesthetic. The natural functions of ecosystems can have profound effects on the economy, and human and wildlife health. The aggregate value of these “ecosystem services” may far exceed the economic value derived from resource extraction or industrial development, especially when considering the costs of restoring ecosystems. There is increasing interest, therefore, in monitoring and protecting ecosystems, and accounting for the biodiversity and services they provide. In 2010, Canada undertook a review of ecosystem status and trends that identified the regions and ecosystems where management is most urgently needed. The authors concluded that more large-scale, long-term, standardized, and spatially complete information is needed for effective monitoring and management. Satellite-based earth observation (EO) tools were seen as a means of addressing this information need. In a separate exercise, a list of priority questions for conservation policy and management at a national level was produced: the resolution of three-quarters of those questions appears to depend on EO tools to a significant or critical extent. Canada has a long and successful history in all aspects of earth observation, placing it amongst the leaders in the international remote sensing community. Whereas the need for measuring ecosystem services to humans and wildlife is increasingly important, the challenges for doing so are increasingly significant and the technology required is increasingly complex. Overcoming these challenges is necessary to address emerging conservation priorities including measurement of ecosystem attributes to support habitat conservation for Species at Risk, measuring functional capacity of ecosystems to mitigate effects of climate change, monitoring and mitigating effects of resource extraction, and supporting industrial development in Canada’s north. Addressing emerging priorities requires dialogue among ecologists and decision makers, coordinated at regional and national scales, and requires drawing on the best EO technologies and infrastructure available. This review highlights the urgency of a coordinated approach for innovative applications of EO tools toward conservation and discusses some of the key elements that might be included and opportunities and challenges that might be encountered, by such an approach.

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