Selecting and breeding grain legumes for enhanced nitrogen fixation

1988 ◽  
pp. 1001-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Bliss ◽  
J. C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes

Nitrogen fixation by grain legumes in the U. K

1982 ◽  
Vol 296 (1082) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Considerable Homology ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cool Conditions

About 150 kha of grain legumes are grown annually in the U.K. Of these, 62% are planted with Pisum sativum , 30% with Vicia faba and 8% with Phaseolus spp. Pisum and Vicia are temperate in origin, nodulate freely in the U.K. without inoculation and fix sufficient nitrogen to support high yields. In Vicia , nodules formed on autumn sown plants can overwinter and begin N 2 fixation at the time that spring sowings are made. Yield in Vicia and Pisum is likely to be limited by factors other than N 2 fixation. Phaseolus vulgaris nodulates erratically in the U .K ., and even when well nodulated needs the addition of some nitrogenous fertilizer. Its mean temperature for growth and its nodule physiology reflect its tropical or subtropical origin. However, there are good prospects for selecting cool-tolerant host cultivars and for crossing with the more cold -tolerant Phaseolus coccineus . Rhizobium phaseoli , which nodulates Phaseolus , has considerable homology with R. leguminosarum , which nodulates Vicia and Pisum , and the two can be crossed. Breeding suitable rhizobia for the cold-tolerant host selections is a real possibility. Glycine max , which is closely related to Phaseolus , is much less well adapted to cool conditions; its endophyte ( R. japonicum ) does not occur in soils in the U.K. and has little homology with temperate rhizobia.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Modelling symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes globally by LPJ-GUESS"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyong Ma ◽  
Stefan Olin ◽  
Peter Anthoni ◽  
Sam S. Rabin ◽  
Anita D. Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Importance of Legumes and Role of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria for Their Production: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chaudhary ◽  
R. Dhanker ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
S. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Background: Legumes are relatively cheap, non-animal good source of valuable proteins, micro-nutrients and vitamins in human and animal nutrition for many years. Recognizing the potential of legumes in achieving the sustainable solution to the global food security, protein access, eradicate hunger and malnutrition, FAO of the United Nations (The Food and Agriculture Organization), facilitated 2016 as the International Year of Pulses (grain legumes) under the banner ‘nutritious seeds for a sustainable future’. The nutrient, nitrogen and biological nitrogen fixation is very crucial for legume’s growth, besides sulphur deficiency is very sensitive to the nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Despite the amazing beneficial properties, legumes are neglected by most of us due to having tough competition with low price and high yielding cereal varieties. Methods: Therefore keeping in mind the above points, this review discusses the importance and application of legumes in different perspectives, legume cultivation patterns, importance of sulphur nutrition to legumes, role of sulphur oxidizing bacteria in sulphur nutrition, improving soil and environment, challenges and future of legumes. Conclusion: Legumes have variety of applications including food, health, environment and many other sectors but we are not able to produce enough amount according to their genetic potential due to inefficient breeding programs. Sulphur is an important nutrient along with N effecting its growth and yield. Sulphur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) have been proved as an important tool for improving yield and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes. Therefor application of biofertilizers along with SOB and improved genetic breeding programmes may prove leading steps to enhance their production.

Methods for measuring biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes

1993 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hardarson ◽  
S. K. A. Danso
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Breeding for Better Nitrogen Fixation in Grain Legumes: Where do the Rhizobia Fit In?

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Graham ◽  
Mariangela Hungria ◽  
Becki. Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes

Peanut Nitrogen Fixation (C2H2 Reduction) Response to Soil Dehydration

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Sinclair ◽  
A. A. Leilah ◽  
A. K. Schreffler
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is commonly grown on sandy soils that are susceptible to water deficits. Because symbiotic nitrogen fixation in other grain legumes is especially sensitive to soil drying, the sensitivity of peanut nitrogen fixation to water deficits might be an important limitation on peanut production. This greenhouse study was undertaken to observe the response of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in six peanut cultivars to soil drying. In contrast to other grain legumes, peanut nitrogen fixation was relatively insensitive to soil drying. Acetylene reduction rates did not begin to decrease until soil water deficits had decreased to where leaf gas exchange was affected. These data indicated that restricted nitrogen fixation during drought stress is not likely to be a serious problem in peanut. Nevertheless, cultivar variation in drought sensitivity was identified indicating that genetic selection might further decrease the susceptibility of peanut nitrogen fixation to drought.

scholarly journals Advances in Host Plant and Rhizobium Genomics to Enhance Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Grain Legumes

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangam L. Dwivedi ◽  
Kanwar L. Sahrawat ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
Alessio Mengoni ◽  
Marco Galardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Legumes
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