The Role of Structure Confinement in the Energy Level Schemes of Physical Systems

2003 ◽  
pp. 1-90
Author(s):  
B. Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Physical Systems

Dynamic Behaviour of Plain Slideways

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bell ◽  
M. Burdekin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Friction Characteristic ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Major Emphasis

The friction characteristics resulting from the motion of one surface over another form a very important facet of the behaviour of many physical systems. This statement is particularly valid when considering the behaviour of machine tool slideways. Most slideway elements consist of two plain surfaces whose friction characteristic is modified by the addition of a lubricant. In many cases the complete slideway consists of many mating surfaces and the choice of slideway material, slideway machining and lubricant is often influenced by the long term problem of wear. The aim of this paper is to present results of experiments on a test rig designed to be representative of machine tool slideway conditions; the experiments were wholly concerned with the behaviour of the bearing under dynamic conditions. The major emphasis is on results obtained with a polar additive lubricant which appears to exclude the possibility of ‘stick-slip’ oscillations. A parallel series of tests are reported where a normal hydraulic oil was used as lubricant. The use of this second lubricant allowed some study of the ‘stick-slip’ process. The dynamic friction characteristics, cyclic friction characteristics and damping capacity of several slideway surface combinations have been obtained and are discussed in the context of earlier work in the field and the role of slideways in machine tool behaviour.

scholarly journals On the violation of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma jet of an argon arc two-jet plasmatron

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1II)) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
A. S. Cherevko ◽  
A. A. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Saha Equation ◽  
Radiation Processes ◽  
Unconventional Method

The degree and nature of the violation of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in the analytical zone of a plasma jet generated by an argon arc two-jet plasmatron (TJP) was estimated using an unconventional method based on determination of the nonequilibrium parameterbiequal to the ratio of the experimentally determined actual population of the energy level (ni) of the element to the population of the same level calculated from the Saha equation (nis). Partial ionizing deviation of plasma under study from the equilibrium state takes place only when low-lying atomic levels are overpopulated. The distinct dependence ofbion the ionization potential of the considered element (e.g., Ca, Mg, and Be) is shown. The results were interpreted in the light of the increasing role of radiation processes upon excitation of spectra in the argon arc two-jet plasmatron.

Physics in anaesthesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Magee ◽  
Mark Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Turbulent Fluid Flow ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Gas Laws ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Bridge Circuits ◽  
Density Force

This chapter covers the basic science of physics relevant to anaesthetic practice. Equipment and measurement devices are covered elsewhere. Starting with fundamentals, atomic structure is introduced, followed by dimensions and units as used in science. Basic mechanics are then discussed, focusing on mass and density, force, pressure, energy, and power. The concept of linearity, hysteresis, and frequency response in physical systems is then introduced, using relevant examples, which are easy to understand. Laminar and turbulent fluid flow is then described, using flow measurement devices as applications of this theory. The concept of pressure and its measurement is then discussed in some detail, including partial pressure. Starting with the kinetic theory of gases, heat and temperature are described, along with the gas laws, critical temperature, sublimation, latent heat, vapour pressure and vaporization illustrated by the function of anaesthetic vaporizers, humidity, solubility, diffusion, osmosis, and osmotic pressure. Ultrasound and its medical applications are discussed in some detail, including Doppler and its use to measure flow. This is followed by an introduction to lasers and their medical uses. The final subject covered is electricity, starting with concepts of charge and current, voltage, energy, and power, and the role of magnetism. This is followed by a discussion of electrical circuits and the rules governing them, and bridge circuits used in measurement. The function of capacitors and inductors is then introduced, and alternating current and transformers are described.

Role of energy-level shifts on Auger neutralization processes: A calculation beyond the image potential

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 7385-7390 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. More ◽  
J. Merino ◽  
R. Monreal ◽  
P. Pou ◽  
F. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Level Shifts

The Role of Hydrogen in Semi-Insulating Inp

1998 ◽  
Vol 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Han ◽  
Xunlang Liu ◽  
Jinghua Jiao ◽  
Jiajun Qian ◽  
Yonghai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Acceptor Level ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Deep Acceptor ◽  
Deep Acceptor Level ◽  
Deep Donor

ABSTRACTComplexes of vacancy at indium site with one to four hydrogen atoms and isolated hydrogen or hydrogen dimer and other infrared absorption lines, tentatively be assigned to hydrogen related defects were investigated by FTIR. Hydrogen can passivate imperfections, thereby eliminating detrimental electronic states from the energy bandgap.Incorporated hydrogen can introduce extended defects and generate electrically-active defects. Hydrogen also can acts as an actuator for creating of antistructure defects. Isolated hydrogen related defects(e.g. H12+) may play an important role in the conversion of the annealed wafers from semiconducting to the semi-insulating behavior. H2+ may be a deep donor, whose energy level is very near the iron deep acceptor level in the energy gap.

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