Measuring Technologies for CFB Solid Circulation Rate: A Review and Future Perspectives

Solid circulation rate (Gs) represents the mass flux of circulating particles in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) systems and is a significant parameter for the design and operation of CFB reactors. Many measuring technologies for Gs have been proposed, though few of them can be applied in industrial units. This paper presents a comprehensive study on measuring technologies, and the results indicate that though the accumulation method is most widely applied, it is constrained by the disturbance of normal particle circulation. Some publications have proposed mathematic models based on pressure drop or other parameters to establish Gs measurement models; these necessitate the accurate modeling of complicated gas-solid flows in industrial devices. Methods based on certain measurement devices to specify parameters like velocity require device endurance in the industrial operation environment and stable local gas-solid flow. The Gs measuring technologies are strongly influenced by local gas-solid flow states, and the packed bed flow in standpipes make the bottom of standpipes an ideal place to realize Gs measurement.

TIC como herramientas didácticas para el profesorado de educación física en la formación reglada utilizando el modelo Flipped Classroom

ICTs are tools present in our life's areas, the rise of which has led to their introduction in the educational curriculum and in teaching as a key and indispensable part of it. Thanks to scientific advancement, performance measurement devices are becoming more frequent and easy to use by professionals in physical activity and sports. Therefore, the present work aims to make a didactic proposal based on the use of ICT as a methodological strategy and tool for assessing and implementing training programs within the curricular framework of the educational stage Professional Training of the Higher Technician in Physical Conditioning. This proposal will consist of seven sessions for the subject of "Assessment of the physical condition and intervention in accidents" where they will handle digital tools that favor developing their objectives and skills and integration into the professional market. Las TIC son una herramienta presente en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida, cuyo auge ha provocado su introducción en el currículum educativo y en las enseñanzas como una pieza clave e indispensable del mismo. Gracias al avance científico, el uso de dispositivos para la medición del rendimiento es cada vez más frecuente y fácil de usar por parte de profesionales de la actividad física y del deporte. Por eso, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una propuesta didáctica basada en el uso de las TIC como estrategia metodológica y herramienta para la valoración y realización de programas de entrenamiento dentro del marco curricular de la etapa educativa Formación Profesional del Técnico Superior en Acondicionamiento Físico. Esta propuesta estará compuesta por siete sesiones para la asignatura de “Valoración de la condición Física e intervención en accidentes” donde manejarán herramientas digitales que favorezcan el desarrollo de sus objetivos y competencias e integración en el mercado profesional.

Research of inflow control devices for estimation of application in intellectual well

Ensuring the completeness of oil and gas production from the subsoil by using modern techniques and technologies for controlling the inflow into the well is an urgent task, especially for wells with long horizontal ends. Inflow control devices (ICD), used in conjunction with packers and downhole measurement devices, are part of such systems, covered by the concept of «smart well». In general, such systems make it possible to control the inflow (flow rate) in individual intervals of horizontal wells or in vertical wells of multilayer fields while operating simultaneously in order to optimize production without additional downhole operations in real time. Keywords: inflow control device; horizontal well; intelligent well.

Impacts of Personalized Sensor Feedback Regarding Exposure to Environmental Stressors

Feedback on personal exposure to air pollution, noise or extreme temperatures through wearable sensors or sensors installed at home or in the workplace can offer information that might motivate behaviours to mitigate exposure. As personal measurement devices are becoming increasingly accessible, it is important to evaluate the effects of such sensors on human perception and behaviour. We conducted a systematic literature research and identified 33 studies, analysing the effects of personal feedback on air pollution, noise and temperatures. Feedback was given through reports including different forms of visualization, in-person or over the telephone, or directly on the sensor or through a phone app. The exposure feedback led to behaviour changes particularly for noise and temperature feedback while findings on behaviour adaptation to avoid air pollution were mixed. Most studies reported increased awareness and knowledge from receiving exposure feedback. Many participants in studies on air pollution reported low levels of self-efficacy regarding exposure mitigation. For a better understanding of the effects of personal exposure feedback, more studies are required, particularly providing feedback from wearable sensors measuring outdoor air pollution, noise and temperature.

Development of smartphone-based semi-prepared runway operations (SPRO) models and methods

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has developed a method for predicting surface friction response by use of ground vehicles equipped with deceleration-based measurement devices. Specifically, the ERDC has developed models and measurement methods between the Findlay Irvine Mk2 GripTester and a variety of deceleration measurement devices: Bowmonk AFM2 Mk3, Xsens MTi-G-710, two Android smartphones, and two iOS smartphones. These models show positive correlation between ground vehicle deceleration and fixed-slip surface continuous surface friction measurement. This effort extends prior work conducted by the U.S. Army ERDC in developing highly correlative models between the Findlay Irvine Mk2 GripTester and actual C-17 braking deceleration, measured via the runway condition rating (RCR) system. The models and measurement methods detailed here are of considerable use to semi-prepared airfield managers around the world needing to measure safe landing conditions following inclement weather. This work provides the tools necessary for airfield managers to quantify safe landing conditions for C-17 aircraft by using easily obtainable equipment and simple test standards.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement Devices: Challenges and Proposals

Several novel cuffless wearable devices and smartphone applications claiming that they can measure blood pressure (BP) are appearing on the market. These technologies are very attractive and promising, with increasing interest among health care professionals for their potential use. Moreover, they are becoming popular among patients with hypertension and healthy people. However, at the present time, there are serious issues about BP measurement accuracy of cuffless devices and the 2021 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines on BP measurement do not recommend them for clinical use. Cuffless devices have special validation issues, which have been recently recognized. It is important to note that the 2018 Universal Standard for the validation of automated BP measurement devices developed by the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, the European Society of Hypertension, and the International Organization for Standardization is inappropriate for the validation of cuffless devices. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of publications presenting data on the accuracy of novel cuffless BP measurement devices, with inadequate methodology and potentially misleading conclusions. The objective of this review is to facilitate understanding of the capabilities and limitations of emerging cuffless BP measurement devices. First, the potential and the types of these devices are described. Then, the unique challenges in evaluating the BP measurement accuracy of cuffless devices are explained. Studies from the literature and computer simulations are employed to illustrate these challenges. Finally, proposals are given on how to evaluate cuffless devices including presenting and interpreting relevant study results.

State-of-the-Art Measurement Instrumentation and Most Recent Measurement Techniques for Parabolic Trough Collector Fields

The presented review gives reliable information about the currently used measurement instrumentation in parabolic trough fields and recent monitoring approaches. The usually built-in measurement equipment in the solar field, clamp-on systems for flexible measurements of temperature and flow, solar irradiance measurements, standard meteorological equipment, laboratory devices for heat transfer fluid analyses and instruments related to the tracking of solar collector assemblies are presented in detail. The measurement systems are reported with their measurement uncertainty, approximate costs and usual installation location for the built-in instrumentation. Specific findings related to the installation and operation of the measurement devices are presented. The usually installed instrumentation delivers a lot of measurements all over the field at the expense of measurement accuracy, compared to special test facility equipment. Recently introduced measurement approaches can improve the standard instrumentation in terms of accuracy, frequency, spatial distribution or can even extend the amount of measurands. The information about available measurands is the basis for future operation and maintenance solutions based on data-driven approaches.