Scattering of Light by a Sphere with an Arbitrary Radially Variable Refractive Index

2002 ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Perelman ◽  
T. V. Zinov’eva ◽  
I. G. Mosseev

The investigation which follows was undertaken with the object of arriving at a theory of the scattering of light by dense turbid media, which would be applicable, in particular, to opal diffusing glasses. The theory is developed on fairly general lines and applies to a system composed of a large number of similar spherical particles of a dielectric suspended in a by medium, provided the relative refractive index is not far from unity. He expressions derived show how the total transmission and reduction of a sheet of a medium containing the particles depends on the following variables; the refractive index of the medium, the side and number of the particles and their refractive index, the wave-length of the incident light and its distribution, that is whether it is diffuse or in the form of a parallel beam, the absorption coefficient of the medium in which the particles are suspended, and the thickness of the sheet. In Part I the general theory is developed, and in Part II numerical values of the necessary coefficients are computed, As a check on the theory, the size and number of the particles in a certain opal glass are deduced from photometric observations of its transmission and rejection. These calculated values are shown to be in agreement with those obtained by direct observation.


Optik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Bian ◽  
Xingru Gao ◽  
Shen Yu ◽  
Lixia Jiang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel D. Terekhov ◽  
Kseniia V. Baryshnikova ◽  
Alexander S. Shalin ◽  
Alina Karabchevsky ◽  
Andrey B. Evlyukhin

Author(s):  
W. E. Lee

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.


Author(s):  
Walter C. McCrone

An excellent chapter on this subject by V.D. Fréchette appeared in a book edited by L.L. Hench and R.W. Gould in 1971 (1). That chapter with the references cited there provides a very complete coverage of the subject. I will add a more complete coverage of an important polarized light microscope (PLM) technique developed more recently (2). Dispersion staining is based on refractive index and its variation with wavelength (dispersion of index). A particle of, say almandite, a garnet, has refractive indices of nF = 1.789 nm, nD = 1.780 nm and nC = 1.775 nm. A Cargille refractive index liquid having nD = 1.780 nm will have nF = 1.810 and nC = 1.768 nm. Almandite grains will disappear in that liquid when observed with a beam of 589 nm light (D-line), but it will have a lower refractive index than that liquid with 486 nm light (F-line), and a higher index than that liquid with 656 nm light (C-line).


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