Development and Application of a Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model

1994 ◽  
pp. 241-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Johnson ◽  
K. W. Kim ◽  
R. E. Heath ◽  
H. L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Application of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for San Quintin Bay, B.C., Mexico. Validation and calibration using OpenDA

2015 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangel Garcia ◽  
Isabel Ramirez ◽  
Martin Verlaan ◽  
Jose Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

Modeling residence time with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model: Linkage with chlorophyll a in a subtropical estuary

2013 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongshan Wan ◽  
Chelsea Qiu ◽  
Peter Doering ◽  
Mayra Ashton ◽  
Detong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Subtropical Estuary

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of concrete tetrahedral frame revetments

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Gao ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Hong-wu Tang ◽  
Zheng-hua Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

Three-Dimensional Thermo-Hydrodynamic Model

2014 ◽  
pp. 19-72
Author(s):  
Dominique Bonneau ◽  
Aurelian Fatu ◽  
Dominique Souchet
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Effects of morphology in controlling propagation of density currents in a reservoir using uncalibrated three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Zamani ◽  
Manfred Koch ◽  
Ben R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Density Current ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Bottom Water Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
Southwest Iran

In this study, effects of basin morphology are shown to affect density current hydrodynamics of a large reservoir using a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model that is validated (but not calibrated) with in situ observational data. The AEM3D hydrodynamic model was applied for 5-month simulations during winter and spring flooding for the Maroon reservoir in southwest Iran, where available observations indicated that large-scale density currents had previously occurred. The model results were validated with near-bottom water temperature measurements that were previously collected at five locations in the reservoir. The Maroon reservoir consists of upper and lower basins that are connected by a deep and narrow canyon. Analyses of simulations show that the canyon strongly affects density current propagation and the resulting differing limnological characteristics of the two basins. The evolution of the Wedderburn Number, Lake Number, and Schmidt stability number are shown to be different in the two basins, and the difference is attributable to the morphological separation by the canyon. Investigation of the background potential energy (BPE) changes along the length of the canyon indicated that a density front passes through the upper section of the canyon but is smoothed into simple filling of the lower basin. The separable dynamics of the basins has implications for the complexity of models needed for representing both water quality and sedimentation.

scholarly journals Assessing vertical diffusion in a stratified lake using a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Dong ◽  
Chenxi Mi ◽  
Michael Hupfer ◽  
Karl‐Erich Lindenschmidt ◽  
Wenqi Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Diffusion ◽  
Stratified Lake

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Model Of Glaciers and Ice Sheets Interacted With Ocean

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
V.L. Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Longitudinal Stress ◽  
First Order ◽  
Longwave Approximation ◽  
Different Parts

Tidewater glaciers and large ice sheets, e.g. the Antarctic ice sheet and a late-Würm Arctic ice sheet, are complex but single dynamic systems composed of terrestrial, marine and floating parts. Morphology and dynamics of the different parts are different. The terrestrial parts are convex and their dynamics are controlled by shear stress only (the longitudinal stress is zero); the floating parts are concave and their dynamics are controlled by longitudinal stress only (the shear stress is zero). To connect the different parts we should consider transitional zones where shear and longitudinal stresses are comparable.To describe glacier and ice-sheet dynamics, longwave approximation of the first order is used. In this approximation it is impossible to connect terrestrial and floating parts dynamically, only morphologically and kinematically. It means that the first-order longwave approximation is not sufficient.If the transitional zone between the terrestrial and floating parts is long in comparison to ice thickness (in hydrodynamics the term “weak” is used) we can do the next step in the longwave approximation to describe the single dynamical system consisting of the terrestrial and floating parts and the weak transitional zones (ice streams). It is a purely hydrodynamical approach to the problem without ad hoc hypothesis.The presented model is a non-stationary three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of glaciers and ice sheets interacted with ocean, involving the conditions of ice continuity and dynamic equilibrium, ice rheology, and boundary conditions on the free surface (dynamic and kinematic) and on the bed (ice freezing or sliding). Longwave approximation is used to reduce the three-dimensional model to a two-dimensional one. The latter consists of (1) evolution equations for grounded and floating parts and weak transitional zones; (2) boundary conditions on the fronts (e.g. the conditions of calving); (3) equations governing the junctions of the parts (the most important junction is the grounded line) with the conditions connecting the evolution equations.

Simulating the Behaviour and Fate of an Oil Spill Using a Coupled Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 901-918
Author(s):  
James A. Stronach ◽  
Aurelien Hospital
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Oil behavior and fate have been simulated extensively by several spill models. These simulations can be greatly enhanced by the use of a coupled three-dimensional model of currents and water properties to determine oil transport and weathering, both on the water surface and in the water column. Several physical and chemical processes such as vertical dispersion in response to wave action, resurfacing when waves die down, sinking through loss of volatiles and dissolution are essential in assessing the impact of an oil spill on the environment. Dissolution is especially important, considering the known toxicity of several of the constituents of liquid hydrocarbons. For this study, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of coastal British Columbia was coupled to an oil trajectory and weathering model in order to simulate the complete fate and behaviour of surface, shoreline-retained, dissolved, sunken and dispersed oil. Utilization of a three-dimensional model is the key to adequately modelling the transport of a spill in an estuarine region such as in the Strait of Georgia, B.C., where the distribution of currents and water properties is strongly affected by estuarine processes: the Fraser River enters at the surface and oceanic waters from the Pacific enter as a deep inflow. Three-dimensional currents and water properties were provided by the hydrodynamic model, H3D, a semi-implicit model using a staggered Arakawa grid and variable number of layers in the vertical direction to resolve near-surface processes. Waves were simulated using the wave model SWAN. Winds were obtained from the local network of coastal light stations and wind buoys. Stochastic modelling was conducted first, using only surface currents, to determine probabilistic maps of the oil trajectory on water and statistical results were extracted, such as the amount of shoreline oiled and the amount of oil evaporated, both for the ensemble of simulations constituting the stochastic simulation, as well as for any particular individual simulation. Deterministic scenarios were then selected and the fate of the oil, such as the dissolved and sunken fractions, was tracked over a 14 day period on the three-dimensional grid. This method has been used for environmental impact assessment and spill response planning.

Bio-optimisation of a tidal channel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory O'Hara Murray ◽  
Matthew Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Matthew Lewis ◽  
Tidal Stream

<p>Scotland has ambitious decarbonisation and climate change objectives, such as generating 100% of gross annual electricity consumption from renewable sources by 2020. Tidal stream energy is a renewable and predictable source of energy that converts the kinetic energy within tidal currents, into electricity, using a hydrokinetic device such as a horizontal axis turbine. However, economically viable tidal stream development is currently confined to areas of exceptionally high current speeds, and this can severely limit the choice of area. If the speed threshold required for an economically viable tidal site can be lowered then the number of potential sites could increase dramatically.</p><p>It is well known that macro-algae (e.g. kelp) grow in perspective tidal energy sites, as they requiring similar water depths and current speeds. Furthermore, kelp is known to grow in dense patches, reaching from the sea-floor to the ocean surface, and can modify tidal current speeds. Indeed, observations have shown that “kelp forests” can locally reduce current speeds by a third (Jackson and Winant, 1983). This local reduction in current speed will cause an increase in speed elsewhere, in order to conserve mass. Therefore, we hypothesise that by adding a kelp forest in the vicinity of a tidal channel, the current speed and tidal stream resource could be increased sufficiently for the site to become economical.</p><p>A three dimensional finite volume hydrodynamic model has been used to model an idealised tidal channel. The drag imposed by kelp was theoretically calculated and represented in the model as a sub grid scale momentum sink. The changes to the current speed resulting from this bio-optimisation of the tidal channel were investigated and show that the current speed in the centre of the channel can be increased. Kelp were then added to a previously developed hydrodynamic model of the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters to investigate how such bio-optimisation could influence an area currently being considered for substantial tidal stream development. The changes on both the areas of suitable tidal stream development and the power yield are investigated.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p>Matthew Lewis wishes to thank Aaron Owen and Ade Fewings at SuperComputingWales, and Fearghal O'Donncha at IBM-research Ireland for fruitful discussions, and the METRIC grant, EP/R034664/1.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Jackson, G. A. and Winant, C. D. (1983). Effect of a kelp forest on coastal currents. Continental Shelf Research, 2(1), pp.75-80.</p>

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