A Comprehensive Review on Available/Existing Renewable Energy Systems in Malaysia and Comparison of Their Capability of Electricity Generation in Malaysia

Malaysia is one of the fastest emerging and developing countries in the world. To drive the economical workhorse, large amounts of power is required. The power demand has risen to 156,003 GWh per year in the year 2016, almost 30,000 GWh more than 5 years prior. Fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil, and diesel have been the driving force powering Malaysia’s grids. However, these resources will not last forever, and they do harm to our environment. To counter this, renewable energy (RE) projects have been constructed all around Malaysia. This paper discusses on available and existing renewable energy systems (single/hybrid) in Malaysia and provides a comparison of their electricity generation capabilities. The renewable energy sources that are covered in this paper include Solar, Hydropower, Biomass, Tidal and Geothermal. At the moment, hydropower is the largest renewable energy producer, contributing to almost 15% of the country’s total energy generation. A lot of resources have been channeled towards the initiative of hydropower and it has definitely borne much fruit. This is followed by Solar Energy. Even though it is not as successful as hydropower, there is still a lot of avenues for it to grow in a tropical country like this. Malaysia is still relatively new in terms of power generation using biomass sources. There has been a gradual increase in the power generation using biofuels through the years and its future does look bright. Energy generation from wind, tidal, and geothermal sources has been rather challenging. Because of Malaysia’s geographical location, it experiences slow winds on average throughout the year. This has led to insufficient output for its financial input. Besides that, Malaysia also has relatively low tide, if compared to other Asian countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines. This contributed to the failure of tidal energy in Malaysia, but there have been signs of locations that can be suitable for this energy generation. Besides that, the country’s first geothermal power plant project failed due to a lack of preparation and discipline during the project’s execution. There is a high initial cost for geothermal projects, and the chances of failure are high if the necessary precautions are not followed. This could be one of the reasons why this branch of renewable energy has not been explored deeply.

Design and Structural Testing of Blades for a 2MW Floating Tidal Energy Conversion Device

The floating tidal energy is increasingly recognised to have the potential of delivering a step-change cost reduction to the tidal energy sector, by extracting energy from deeper water sites through energy conversion devices. To ensure the normal operation of a tidal energy convertor within its service life, the device should be designed properly and evaluated through a series of strength and durability testing. The Large Structures Research Group at NUI Galway is working closely with, renewable energy company, Orbital Marine Power and, blade manufacture, ÉireComposites Teo, to design and test the next generation of SR2000 tidal turbine blade, with aims to increase the turbine power production rate and to refine the design for low cost. This paper presents a brief description of the structural design and testing of a blade for the O2-2000 tidal turbine, one of the largest tidal turbines in the world. NUI Galway will utilise their in-house software, BladeComp, to find a blade laminates design that balances both blade strength and material cost. The structural performance of the designed blade will be assessed by conducting static and fatigue testing. To achieve this objective, a support frame to fix the blade is designed, a load application device is introduced and the methodology for design tidal loading conversion is proposed in order to complete the testing at NUI Galway.

Potential of tidal power plants with least square method on Toaya Beach

The use of energy, especially electrical power, is needed by the wider community— lots of alternative energy from nature, especially in Indonesia that can be utilized to produce electricity. One of the newest alternative examples is the energy produced by tides. Tidal energy is a type of renewable energy that is relatively more predictable in number. One method that can process the waves is the Least Square Method. Where the results of data processing using this method can be known based on tidal observations for 15 days on Toaya Beach located in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi, the types of tidal types that occur based on the results of Formzahl’s count is 0.357 that the tidal types that occur are varied types leaning to double daily, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.028, which means that the difference between predictive results and observational data is accurate. Then also obtained the value of the design water level elevation that is the highest high water level (HHWL) is 2.7 meters, and the lowest low water level (LLWL) is -0.3 meters with a height difference is 3.0 meters. So with the high height difference, the total energy generated by two times a day with a sea area of 9 km2 which is capable of producing energy movement from seawater can be calculated the potential energy generated from the waves of Toaya Beach, which is 5,53 MW.

The Parametric Estimation of Tidal Potential Power Density using Modeling Strategies at Hajambro Creek of Indus Delta, Pakistan

There are many accessible resources for electricity generation using renewable energy, like, solar, wind, tidal and wave etc. The output of all these resources depend on weather conditions, force of gravity or rotation of the Earth, but tidal energy has a major advantage over many other forms of renewable generation as it is predictable over a long period of time. Pakistan has about 1000 km long coastline with complex network of creeks in the Indus delta region which include 17 major creeks and further divide into a number of estuaries with considerable tidal ranges and tidal current. This research study is carried out at one of these major creeks namely Hajambro (Hajambro river) and extends from Hajambro 24ᵒ 08’N 67ᵒ 22’E (sea mouth) to Keti Bander 24ᵒ 09’N 67ᵒ 27’E (mouth of river Indus). Study area is targeted within creek region where there is a large shortfall of electricity observed and this situation has threaten the community socioeconomically. In this research study, available tidal energy resources of Hajambro creek are assessed, tidal power density models and bathymetry model are developed in Arc-GIS (geographical informationsystem) environment, for the first time. A comprehensive tidal turbine technology review is conducted and based on up-to-date tidal turbine technology review and results achieved from assessment of tidal energy resources, deployment of a turbine at Hajambro creek is proposed. With effective area of 9.46 km2 mean spring estimated power (seasonally) is observed as 14 MW in winter, 12.9 MW in Pre-Monsoon, 13.6 MW in Monsoon and 13.1 MW in Post-Monsoon.

Dispatchability, Energy Security, and Reduced Capital Cost in Tidal-Wind and Tidal-Solar Energy Farms

The global tidal energy resource for electricity generation is small, and converting tidal kinetic energy to electricity is expensive compared to solar-photovoltaic or land-based wind turbine generators. However, as the renewable energy content in electricity supplies grows, the need to stabilise these supplies increases. This paper describes tidal energy’s potential to reduce intermittency and variability in electricity supplied from solar and wind power farms while lowering the capital expenditure needed to improve dispatchability. The paper provides a model and hypothetical case studies to demonstrate how sharing energy storage between tidal stream power generators and wind or solar power generators can mitigate the level, frequency, and duration of power loss from wind or solar PV farms. The improvements in dispatchability use tidal energy’s innate regularity and take account of tidal asymmetry and extended duration low-velocity neap tides. The case studies are based on a national assessment of Australian tidal energy resources carried out from 2018 to 2021.

The effect of tidal force and topography on horizontal convection

We present a numerical study on how tidal force and topography influence flow dynamics, transport and mixing in horizontal convection. Our results show that local energy dissipation near topography will be enhanced when the tide is sufficiently strong. Such enhancement is related to the height of the topography and increases as the tidal frequency $\omega$ decreases. The global dissipation is found to be less sensitive to the changes in $\omega$ when the latter becomes small and asymptotically approaches a constant value. We interpret the behaviour of the dissipation as a result of the competition among the dominant forces in the system. According to which mechanism prevails, the flow state of the system can be divided into three regimes, which are the buoyancy-, tide- and drag-control regimes. We show that the mixing efficiency $\eta$ for different tidal energy and topography height can be well described by a universal function $\eta \approx \eta _{HC}/(1+\mathcal {R})$ , where $\eta _{HC}$ is the mixing efficiency in the absence of tide and $\mathcal {R}$ is the ratio between tidal and available potential energy inputs. With this, one can also determine the dominant mechanism at a certain ocean region. We further derive a power law relationship connecting the mixing coefficient and the tidal Reynolds number.

The current state and prospects for the development of Russian Federation green energy exports

Renewable energy is obtained from sustainable sources, which in particular include solar and wind energy, geothermal and hydroelectric energy, biomass, tidal energy. The Russian Federation has a significant potential for the development of “green” energy, is among the leaders in terms of export potential in this area. The article considers the export potential of fuel wood pellets. The European sales market, problems and prospects of entering it were studied as priority areas. The purpose of this study is to assess the export potential of the Russian Federation for “green” energy products, using the example of the group of HS 4401310000 Wood pellets. Within the framework of the study, the following tasks were solved: the importance of export relations in the framework of the development of “green” energy directions was studied, the market of wood pellets of the Russian Federation was studied and the export potential of the country for this group of goods was determined. As a result of the conducted research, the authors concluded that the development of the export of wood fuel pellets is of high importance for strengthening the country’s position in the market of foreign trade in renewable energy sources.