Polygenic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: genotype × environment interaction for spontaneous mutations affecting bristle number

1998 ◽  
pp. 199-215
Author(s):  
Trudy F. C. Mackay ◽  
Richard F. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number

scholarly journals Temporal uniformity of the spontaneous mutational variance of quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AURORA GARCÍA-DORADO ◽  
JESUS FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
CARLOS LÓPEZ-FANJUL
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Mutational Variance ◽  
Interaction Variance

Spontaneous mutations were allowed to accumulate over 209 generations in more than 100 lines, all of them independently derived from a completely homozygous population of Drosophila melanogaster and subsequently maintained under strong inbreeding (equivalent to full-sib mating). Traits scored were: abdominal (AB) and sternopleural (ST) bristle number, wing length (WL) and egg-to-adult viability (V). On two occasions – early (generations 93–122) and late (generations 169–209) – ANOVA estimates of the mutational variance and the mutational line × generation interaction variance were obtained. Mutational heritabilities of morphological traits ranged from 2 × 10−4 to 2 × 10−3 and the mutational coefficient of variation of viability was 0·01. For AB, WL and V, temporal uniformity of the mutational variance was observed. However, a fluctuation of the mutational heritability of ST was detected and could be ascribed to random genotype × environment interaction.

scholarly journals Genotype-Environment Interaction at Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Sensory Bristle Number in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie C Gurganus ◽  
James D Fry ◽  
Sergey V Nuzhdin ◽  
Elena G Pasyukova ◽  
Richard F Lyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Trait Loci

AbstractThe magnitude of segregating variation for bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster exceeds that predicted from models of mutation-selection balance. To evaluate the hypothesis that genotype-environment interaction (GEI) maintains variation for bristle number in nature, we quantified the extent of GEI for abdominal and sternopleural bristles among 98 recombinant inbred lines, derived from two homozygous laboratory strains, in three temperature environments. There was considerable GEI for both bristle traits, which was mainly attributable to changes in rank order of line means. We conducted a genome-wide screen for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting bristle number in each sex and temperature environment, using a dense (3.2-cM) marker map of polymorphic insertion sites of roo transposable elements. Nine sternopleural and 11 abdominal bristle number QTLs were detected. Significant GEI was exhibited by 14 QTLs, but there was heterogeneity among QTLs in their sensitivity to thermal and sexual environments. To further evaluate the hypothesis that GEI maintains variation for bristle number, we require estimates of allelic effects across environments at genetic loci affecting the traits. This level of resolution may be achievable for Drosophila bristle number because candidate loci affecting bristle development often map to the same location as bristle number QTLs.

scholarly journals CONDITIONAL POLYGENIC EFFECTS IN THE STERNOPLEURAL BRISTLE SYSTEM OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-424
Author(s):  
Fred B Schnee ◽  
James N Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chromosomal Architecture ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Polygenic Variation

ABSTRACT The chromosomal architecture of genotype × environment interactions was investigated in lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected for increased or decreased sternopleural bristle number at 18°, 25° and 29°. In general, interactions were found to have a stabilizing effect upon the bristle phenotype, in the sense that the genotype × environment interaction tended to increase bristle number under conditions in which temperature alone reduced bristle number and vice versa. The polygenic modifiers of mean bristle number were often separable from modifiers of the response to temperature both at the chromosomal level and intrachromosomally. In one of the low selection lines, a temperature-dependent polygenic locus was mapped on chromosome 3. It is suggested that genotype × environment interactions be thought of in terms of conditional polygenic expression. Such conditionality may be one of the ways in which polygenic variation is maintained in a population in the face of selection for an optimum phenotype.

scholarly journals Experimental modification of the dominance relations of a melanotic tumour gene in Drosophila melanogaster

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Louise Belt ◽  
Barrie Burnet
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Dominance Relations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Tumour Formation ◽  
Food Medium ◽  
Melanotic Tumour

SUMMARYThe melanotic tumour gene tu-C4 in Drosophila melanogaster shows incomplete dominance, together with variable penetrance and expressivity. It is tentatively located in the region of locus 52–53 on the third chromosome. Tumour formation in mutant homozygotes involves a precocious haemocyte transformation leading to the appearance of lamellocytes at the beginning of the third larval instar. These aggregate to form tumour-like masses which subsequently melanize. The process of tumour formation is in broad outline similar to that found in other tumour strains. Melanotic tumour formation is treated as a dichotomous threshold character, assuming an underlying normal distribution of liability relative to a fixed threshold. The expression of the tumour gene can be influenced by the levels of protein, phospholipid, nucleic acid and carbohydrate in the larval food medium, and changes in dominance and penetrance induced by sub-optimal environments deficient in these nutrients are positively correlated. Reinforcement by selection of the dominance relations of tu-C4 was accompanied by correlated changes in penetrance. Conversely, selection for increased penetrance was accompanied by correlated changes in dominance. Dominance and penetrance, it is concluded, are fundamentally related aspects of tumour gene expression. Recruitment of dominance modifiers linked to the tumour gene was excluded by the mating scheme employed, and the observed changes in dominance relations in response to selection were due largely to modifiers located on the second chromosome. Changes in dominance relations produced by selection could be significantly reinforced, or reversed, by environmental factors and consequently show a substantial genotype – environment interaction effect. These facts are relevant to current theories of dominance evolution.

STUDIES ON NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA. XII. HETEROSIS AND FITNESS CHARACTERS IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Tantawy ◽  
M. R. El-Helw
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Population Variance ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Populations

Three different unrelated natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from Scotland, Japan and Egypt, as well a highly inbred line, were the basis of the present study. Crosses were made within and between natural populations and between each of the natural populations and the highly inbred line to obtain the parental, F1 and F2 generations and their relative fitness studied at 15°, 25° and 28 °C.The F1 interpopulation hybrids were superior to both parents in egg production, percentage emergence and longevity of adults in most of the crosses. Heterosis tended to be higher at 15° and 28° than at 25 °C. The F2 in all crosses was inferior to the F1 and also inferior to one or both parents. In crossing the inbred line with any of the natural populations, the F1 generally showed higher heterosis than that of the interpopulation hybrids; the F2 was also inferior to the F1 but superior to the inbred parent.Significant genotype-environment interaction was detected, indicating the differences in sensitivity to temperature in each population. Variance of any-given fitness character of a superior population at a given temperature was often smaller than the poor genotype. There was a decline in the coefficient of variation in the F1 generation and an increase in the F2's.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER UNDER ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SELECTION IN CONSTANT AND FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042
Author(s):  
Brian P Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Total Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Fluctuating Environments

ABSTRACT Populations of Drosophila melanogaster in constant 25λ and fluctuating 20/29λ environments showed increases in developmental stability, indicated by decreases in bilateral asymmetry of sterno-pleural chaeta number. In both environments, rates of decrease in asymmetry were greater under natural selection (control lines) than under artificial stabilizing selection. Overall mean asymmetry was greater in the fluctuating environment.—There was no evidence that decreased asymmetry was due to heterozygosity, and the decline in asymmetry was not explained by the decline in chaeta number in the lines under only natural selection. However, the decline was consistent with changes in total phenotypic variance and environmental variance.— The divergence between lines after 39 generations of selection was seen in differences in asymmetry and also in the genotype-environment interaction expressed in cross-culturing experiments.

scholarly journals The Genetic Structure of Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XX. Comparison of Genotype-Environment Interaction in Viability Between a Northern and a Southern Population

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Takano ◽  
Shinichi Kusakabe ◽  
Terumi Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Southern Population ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Diversifying Selection ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Interaction Variance

ABSTRACT In order to examine the operation of diversifying selection as the maintenance mechanism of excessive additive genetic variance for viability in southern populations in comparison with northern populations of Drosophila melanogaster, two sets of experiments were conducted using second chromosomes extracted from the Ogasawara population (a southern population in Japan) and from the Aomori population (a northern population in Japan). Chromosomal homozygote and heterozygote viabilities were estimated in eight kinds of artificially produced breeding environments. The main findings in the present investigation are as follows: (1) Significant genotype-environment interaction was observed using chromosomes extracted from the Ogasawara population. Indeed, the estimate of the genotype-environment interaction variance for heterozygotes was significantly larger than that of the genotypic variance. On the other hand, when chromosomes sampled from the Aomori population were examined, that interaction variance was significant only for homozygotes and its value was no more than one quarter of that for the chromosomes from the Ogasawara population. (2) The average genetic correlation between any two viabilities of the same lines estimated in the eight kinds of breeding environments for the chromosomes sampled from the Ogasawara population was smaller than that for the chromosomes from the Aomori population both in homozygotes and in heterozygotes, especially in the latter. (3) The stability of heterozygotes over homozygotes against fluctuations of environmental conditions was seen in the chromosomes from the Ogasawara population, but not from the Aomori population. (4) From the excessive genotype-environment interaction variance compared with the genotypic variance in heterozygotes, it was suggested for the chromosomes from the Ogasawara population that the reversal of viability order between homozygotes took place in some environments at the locus level. On the basis of these findings, it is strongly suggested that diversifying selection is operating in a southern population of D. melanogaster on some of the viability polygenes which are probably located outside the structural loci, and the excessive additive genetic variance of viability in southern populations is maintained by this type of selection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document