Selection for adaptation in multipurpose trees and shrubs for production and function in agroforestry systems

1997 ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
F. Owino
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Multipurpose Trees ◽  
Selection For ◽  
And Function ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Cacao, Shade, and Agroforestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Dale Walters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
And Function ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

In its natural habitat, cacao grows in the shade of larger trees. In fact, 70 percent of the world’s cacao is grown with some level of shade. This comes mostly from native forest trees, thinned out to provide space for cacao seedlings to be planted, or to a lesser extent, from trees specially planted to provide shade. This mixture of shade trees and shrubs creates a three-tier canopy, resulting in a multi-species system similar in structure and function to a forest, known as an agroforest. Cacao agroforestry systems include full-sun cacao, diversified-shade cacao, and specialized-shade cacao. Achieving an appropriate level of shading for cacao is important, since it affects yield and can influence pest and disease outbreaks. Shade in cacao also helps to maintain biodiversity, so getting shade right in cacao agroforestry is important. This chapter examines the benefits and problems associated with growing cacao with and without shade.

scholarly journals Agroforestry for ruminants: a review of trees and shrubs as fodder in silvopastoral temperate and tropical production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vandermeulen ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
Yves Beckers ◽  
Hugues Claessens ◽  
Jérôme Bindelle
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Salix Spp ◽  
Feeding Systems

Among the oldest agroforestry systems, silvopastoralism uses shrubs and trees to feed ruminants. The practice is common in extensive livestock production systems, whereas the intensification of grass-based systems in the past century has led to the removal of woody species from agricultural temperate landscapes. In Europe however, woody species are promoted again on grasslands through environment-friendly policies due to the ecosystem services they provide such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion, limitation of airborne pollutants and biodiversity conservation. Positive effects of browse on rumen digestion and parasite control have also been documented across different plant species and regions. Under optimal conditions, feeding ruminants from woody fodder sustains animal production. Nonetheless, limitations can restrict the use of woody forage into animal diets, such as the presence of anti-nutritive and toxic compounds. The incorporation of this resource in ruminant feeding systems raises the question of the management of the interface between the plant and the animal. Various management systems are practiced. Temperate species such as Salix spp. and Populus spp. are fed to sheep and cattle in fodder blocks or by pruning trees in New Zealand, and Fraxinus spp. or Corylus avellana in hedgerows supply forage to livestock in Belgium, whereas Leucaena leucocepahala and Desmanthus spp. browsing is common in Australia. Nowadays, ensiling and pelleting techniques are being developed as a way to store browse forage. As the renewed interest in using shrubs and trees to feed ruminants is recent, especially in temperate regions, additional research about the optimal introduction of this resource within systems is needed.

scholarly journals CARBON STORAGE IN SHELTERBELTS IN THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF THE BAČKA PALANKA AREA (SERBIA)

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara LUKIĆ ◽  
Snežana BELANOVIĆ SIMIĆ ◽  
Damjan PANTIĆ ◽  
Jelena BELOICA ◽  
Aleksandar BAUMGERTEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Field shelterbelts as agroforestry practice provides numerous ecosystem services.Carbon capture and storage potential in biomass and soil is among regulatingservices shelterbelts provide. Designing shelterbelts to address the various demandsand provide services, requests special attention to choosing structural and spatialcharacteristics of shelterbelts, and species selection for shelterbelts. This paperpresents the research results of C storage in 20-years old shelterbelts established onGleyic Phaeozem in the area of Bačka Palanka (Serbia). Investigated shelterbeltswere consisted of the most commonly used species for shelterbelt establishment inSerbia: Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), poplar (Populus x euramericana (Dode)Guin. cv. „Serotina“) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The diameter atbreast height (d) and the height (h) of all trees in studied shelterbelts weremeasured. Carbon stock in biomass was estimated according to IPCC (2003)methodology. Soil profiles were opened in studied shelterbelts with soil samplingcarried out at fixed depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Assessment ofcarbon storage in soil was performed according to IPCC (2003). According to theresearch results, living biomass C stock in 20-years old Siberian elm and poplarshelterbelts per tree is almost the same 0.333 t per tree and 0.300 t per tree,respectively. In black locust shelterbelt carbon stock is considerable less 0.111 t pertree. However, in species selection for shelterbelts some characteristics should takeinto account such as adaptability and suitability to the environmental conditions,longevity and their impact on crops that are grown in the sheltered fields, as well asthe natural potential vegetation communities of the area. The results of this studyindicate that the poplar is preferred species than the Siberian elm in givenenvironmental conditions. The average carbon stock in the soil of studiedshelterbelts in a layer 0-40 cm is 9.33 kg m-2 C.

Survey of multipurpose trees and shrubs (MPTS) for agroforestry development in Niger republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Adekunle ◽  
ALA Shotuyo ◽  
S Momoh ◽  
S Moustapha
Keyword(s):  
Multipurpose Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs
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