Introductory Chapter: Awareness of the Health Impacts of Waste Management

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Neapolitan Camorra. The Camorra is the third-largest Italian mafia and is predominately active in Naples and the Campania region. Today, the Camorra has become a powerful criminal force capable of controlling sectors of the European and Italian drug, counterfeit, cigarette, and waste-management markets as well as investing in many legitimate businesses in Naples, Italy, and Europe, and winning many local and national public contracts. Compared to other mafias, the Camorra has always been considered less dangerous because it is more visible, territorial, and amateurish. However, when camorristi move abroad, they become less attached to a specific territory and focus purely on economic activities. They do not migrate as clans but as individuals who manage to “camouflage” themselves so efficiently that it becomes difficult to recognize them as a threat to foreign societies and economies.

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Environmental and Health Implications of Plastic Pollution

Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-58

Author(s):

Toqeer Ahmed ◽

Hassaan Fayyaz Khan Sipra

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Waste Management ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Human Health ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Human Health Impacts

Plastic pollution is one of the prime and alarming issues in developing countries that has vast environmental and human health impacts which need to be addressed as a priority. Unfortunately, limited work has been done on the topic, especially on air and water pollution due to plastics in Pakistan. Informal solid waste management is being done by municipalities, which is not adequate, and the problem will increase with the upsurge in population and industrialization. There is a need to address the knowledge gap and improvements in the existing conditions to manage the issue of plastic pollution separately. In this chapter, causes; impacts of plastic pollution both on human and environmental health, plastic industries, and legislative context; and best practices to manage plastic pollution along with some important recommendations are discussed. It is expected the data presented may help the managers, environmental scientists, and policymakers to manage the problem of plastic pollution.

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