Cost Effective Reductions in the Agricultural Load of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea

1999 ◽  
pp. 121-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Elofsson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals How unnecessarily high abatement costs and unresolved distributional issues undermine nutrient reductions to the Baltic Sea

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Andersson ◽  
Mark V. Brady ◽  
Johanna Pohjola
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Side Payments ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Abatement Strategy

AbstractThis paper systematically reviews the literature on how to reduce nutrient emissions to the Baltic Sea cost-effectively and considerations for allocating these costs fairly among countries. The literature shows conclusively that the reduction targets of the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) could be achieved at considerably lower cost, if countries would cooperate to implement the least costly abatement plan. Focusing on phosphorus abatement could be prudent as the often recommended measures—wastewater treatment and wetlands—abate nitrogen too. An implication of our review is that the potential for restoring the Baltic Sea to good health is undermined by an abatement strategy that is more costly than necessary and likely to be perceived as unfair by several countries. Neither the BSAP nor the cost-effective solution meet the surveyed criteria for fairness, implying a need for side-payments.

scholarly journals Does Mussel Farming Promote Cost Savings and Equity in Reaching Nutrient Targets for the Baltic Sea?

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing-Marie Gren ◽  
Sarah Säll ◽  
Abenezer Aklilu ◽  
Wondmagegn Tirkaso
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Mussel Farming ◽  
Nutrient Trading ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cost

Mussel farming has been suggested as a low-cost option for reducing nutrient content in eutrophied waters. This study examines whether mussel farming contributes to reductions in total nutrient abatement cost and increases in equity for achieving nutrient load reduction targets to the Baltic Sea under different international policy regimes (cost-effective, country targets set by the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), and nutrient-trading markets). A cost-minimizing model is used to calculate the cost savings, and the analytical results show that mussel farming is a cost-effective option only when the marginal abatement cost is lower than for other abatement measures. The numerical cost-minimizing model of the Baltic Sea indicates that the largest abatement cost reductions from introduction mussel farming, approximately 3.5 billion SEK (9.36 SEK = 1 Euro), are obtained under the cost-effective and nutrient-trading systems. Equity, as measured by abatement cost in relation to affordability in terms of gross domestic product, is improved by mussel farming under the cost-effective regime but reduced under the BSAP country targets and nutrient-trading regimes.

Hydro-economic modelling of cost-effective transboundary water quality management in the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hasler ◽  
J.C.R. Smart ◽  
A. Fonnesbech-Wulff ◽  
H.E. Andersen ◽  
H. Thodsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Temporal and spatial sedimentation rate variabilities in the eastern Gotland Basin, the Baltic Sea

Boreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Christiansen ◽  
Helmar Kunzendorf ◽  
Kay-Christian Emeis ◽  
Rudolf Endler ◽  
Ulrich Struck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gotland Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Baltic

Russian Oil: Production and Exports

2003 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K. Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic

Statistical data on reserves, production and exports of Russian oil are provided in the article. The author pays special attention to the expansion of opportunities of sea oil transportation by construction of new oil terminals in the North-West of the country and first of all the largest terminal in Murmansk. In his opinion, one of the main problems in this sphere is prevention of ecological accidents in the process of oil transportation through the Baltic sea ports.

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