Pacemaker Mechanisms Driving Pyeloureteric Peristalsis: Modulatory Role of Interstitial Cells

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Lang ◽  
Hikaru Hashitani
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells

Neuromuscular structures in opossum esophagus: role of interstitial cells of Cajal

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. G305-G315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel ◽  
V. Posey-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Complete Relaxation ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The structures of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and body circular muscle (BCM) from opossum were compared as to neural and muscular structures and the structural relations of interstitial cells of Cajal to nerves and muscle cells. Both LES and BCM were densely innervated by nerves with varicosities containing many small agranular vesicles and a few large granular vesicles. These nerves were more closely related structurally to the interstitial cells of Cajal than to smooth muscle cells. More gap junctions were observed between smooth muscle cells and between interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle cells in BCM than in LES. Those between smooth muscle cells were larger in BCM. Complete relaxation of the LES strip by isoproterenol reduced these differences but did not eliminate them. The finding that interstitial cells of Cajal often had gap-junction contacts to smooth muscle and close associations with nerves is consistent with the hypothesis that interstitial cells are intercalated between the nerves and muscles and may mediate nerve responses. These findings also suggest that LES muscle cells may be less well coupled electrically than BCM muscle cells.

scholarly journals Upregulated Autophagy in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Confers Protection of Valvular Interstitial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Carracedo ◽  
Oscar Persson ◽  
Peter Saliba-Gustafsson ◽  
Gonzalo Artiach ◽  
Ewa Ehrenborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Valvular Interstitial Cells ◽  
Survival Mechanism ◽  
Calcified Tissue ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow

Autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism which becomes dysregulated under pathological conditions and aging. Aortic valve thickening and calcification causing left ventricular outflow obstruction is known as calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). CAVS is a chronic and progressive disease which increases in incidence and severity with age. Currently, no medical treatment exists for CAVS, and the role of autophagy in the disease remains largely unexplored. To further understand the role of autophagy in the progression of CAVS, we analyzed expression of key autophagy genes in healthy, thickened, and calcified valve tissue from 55 patients, and compared them with nine patients without significant CAVS, undergoing surgery for aortic regurgitation (AR). This revealed a upregulation in autophagy exclusively in the calcified tissue of CAVS patients. This difference in autophagy between CAVS and AR was explored by LC3 lipidation in valvular interstitial cells (VICs), revealing an upregulation in autophagic flux in CAVS patients. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin-A1 led to a decrease in VIC survival. Finally, treatment of VICs with high phosphate led to an increase in autophagic activity. In conclusion, our data suggests that autophagy is upregulated in the calcified tissue of CAVS, serving as a compensatory and pro-survival mechanism.

Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Motility Disorders of the Bowel

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanpat Jain ◽  
Khalid Moussa ◽  
Manish Tandon ◽  
Joan Culpepper-Morgan ◽  
Deborah D. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

scholarly journals The presence and role of interstitial cells of Cajal in the proximal intestine of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius)

2016 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Brijs ◽  
Grant W. Hennig ◽  
Anna-Maria Kellermann ◽  
Michael Axelsson ◽  
Catharina Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Shorthorn Sculpin ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Proximal Intestine ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

scholarly journals Local presentation of Steel factor increases expression of c-kit immunoreactive interstitial cells of Cajal in culture

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. G313-G320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rich ◽  
Steven M. Miller ◽  
Simon J. Gibbons ◽  
John Malysz ◽  
Joseph H. Szurszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Steel Factor ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Cell Culture Conditions

The binding of Steel factor (SF) to c-kit initiates a signaling pathway essential for development and maintenance of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Soluble and membrane-bound isoforms of SF are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, but the role for either isoform in supporting ICC development is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of SF in supporting ICC in culture. ICC were cultured from dissociated mouse jejunum and grown with fibroblast cell lines that produced either soluble, membrane-bound or membrane-restricted SF. ICC were identified and counted by c-kit immunoreactivity. The number of c-kit immunoreactive cells was greater in the coculture system compared with cultures grown without SF-producing fibroblasts. All forms of SF-producing fibroblasts increased ICC number in culture but physical separation of the fibroblasts from the c-kit immunoreactive cells, the addition of exogenous SF to the culture medium, or fibroblast-conditioned media did not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the membrane-bound form of SF preferentially contributes to expression of c-kit-positive ICC under cell culture conditions.

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