Verwaltung per Brief. Die Korrespondenz des Utrechter Landkomturs mit seinen Angestellten, 1753‒1845

Administration by mail: The correspondence of the Utrecht land commander with his staff, 1753‒1845 The correspondence between the land commanders of the Teutonic Order’s Bailiwick of Utrecht and their staff, the stewards and clerks, provides a detailed insight into the institution’s functioning between 1753 and 1845. The Bailiwick was administered from the Teutonic House in Utrecht by a resident steward who mostly communicated with his superior in writing, as the latter lived at a considerable distance and came to Utrecht at most once a year. A relationship of trust was essential for the proper functioning of this arrangement. In the first decades after the start of a reorganisation in 1753, this was certainly the case, but the lack of this relationship of trust led to major problems later on. The analysis of the correspondence paints a picture of the management of dispersed large estates in the pre-industrial era, before major advancements in both transportation and communication. The case study is also important for the knowledge of the Military Orders after the Reformation and during the Age of Revolution, when these institutions were seriously threatened. Additionally, the Bailiwick of Utrecht did not escape abolition by Napoleon, but this was reversed in 1815. The increasingly hostile correspondence between the land commander and the steward about the liquidation procedures in 1812‒1813 provides insight into the survival mechanism of the Bailiwick of Utrecht. The research presented in this article is part of a larger study of the Bailiwick of Utrecht between 1640 and the middle of the twentieth century.

The Dual Role of Autophagy in Crizotinib-Treated ALK+ ALCL: From the Lymphoma Cells Drug Resistance to Their Demise

Autophagy has been described as harboring a dual role in cancer development and therapy. Depending on the context, it can exert either pro-survival or pro-death functions. Here, we review what is known about autophagy in crizotinib-treated ALK+ ALCL. We first present our main findings on the role and regulation of autophagy in these cells. Then, we provide literature-driven hypotheses that could explain mechanistically the pro-survival properties of autophagy in crizotinib-treated bulk and stem-like ALK+ ALCL cells. Finally, we discuss how the potentiation of autophagy, which occurs with combined therapies (ALK and BCL2 or ALK and RAF1 co-inhibition), could convert it from a survival mechanism to a pro-death process.

Survival mechanism of a novel marine multistress-tolerant Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6 under high NaCl stress as revealed by integrative omics analysis

A novel strain named Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6 was provided in this work, which was confirmed to survive independently under high salt stress (12% NaCl) or co-stress condition of strong acid (pH 3.0) and high salts (10% NaCl) without sterilization. Its survival mechanism under high salt stress was revealed by integrated omics for the first time. Whole-genome analysis showed that 14 genes (e.g., GPD1 and FPS1) of GXDK6 relevant to salt tolerance were annotated and known to belong to various salt-resistant mechanisms (e.g., regulation of cell signal transduction and glycerol metabolism controls). Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that 1220 genes (accounting for 10.15%) of GXDK6 were differentially transcribed (p < 0.05) when GXDK6 growth was under 10% stress for 16 h, including important novel salt-tolerant-related genes (e.g., RTM1 and YHB1). Proteomics analysis demonstrated that 1005 proteins (accounting for 27.26%) of GXDK6 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) when GXDK6 was stressed by 10% NaCl. Some of the differentially expressed proteins were defined as the novel salt-tolerant related proteins (e.g., sugar transporter STL1 and NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase). Metabolomic analysis results showed that 63 types of metabolites (e.g., D-mannose, glycerol and inositol phosphate) of GXDK6 were up- or downregulated when stressed by 10% NaCl. Among them, D-mannose is one of the important metabolites that could enhance the salt-tolerance survival of GXDK6.

“DarLing” Community-based Survival Mechanism melalui Elaborasi Jaringan Sosial dalam Pandemi Covid-19

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan menciptakan “Warga Taman Pinang Indah Sehat dan Produktif” melalui peberian motivasi, pendidikan dan pelatihan keluarga sehat dan produktif, serta memperkuat jaringan sosial, memberikan keesadaran prioritas kesehatan, meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi atau usaha warga dalam bentuk marketing, sales dan financing support. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan melalui metode pendampingan dan partisipatoris yang diawali dengan focus group discussion untuk menentukan prioritas program apa yang akan dilakukan untuk menjawab kebutuhan warga. Selain itu mengelompokkan kegiatan dalam lini program. Pengabdian memperoleh hasil bahwa: (1) kesadaran kolektif warga di respon tinggi oleh masyarakat, (2) kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan keluarga dan sesamanya kian meningkat, (3) meningkatnya kemampuan prakarsa ekonomi warga akibat Covid-19 sehingga warga mampu melakukan bisa survive di tengah kesempitan pandemi. Program dalam klaster atau lingkungan masyarakat kecil ini untuk ke depan bisa dikembangkan sebagai model pemberdayaan masyarakat sehat dan produktif, sekaligus menunjang ketahanan ekonomi warga. Tidak hanya di masa pandemi tetapi dalam situasi yang penuh tantangan, membangun kekuatan dan ketahan ekonomi di tingkat keluarga akan membantu untuk mempertahankan daya beli masyarakat. Sekaligus dalam konteks pandemi Covid-19, upaya kelompok warga dalam menyosialisasikan protokol kesehatan menjadi sangat efektif