Comparison and Reference Concerning the Participation of the Special Economic Zones in the Belt and Road Construction Under the New Normal of the Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals Local Hegemony: China’s Special Economic Zones in Mauritius and Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Alexander Dmitrievich Nesmashnyi ◽  
Yulia Aleksandrovna Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Hegemonic Stability ◽  
The Belt And Road

Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Africa are part of the Belt and Road Initiative. They account for a fledgling research area in International Relations, with not much research on the topic. The authors regard traditional approaches in research of SEZs as incapable of grasping the difference between domestic (designed by the state on its own territory) and foreign (designed by a foreign state) SEZs. The concept of territoriality, though applicable only to foreign SEZs, has little to offer in terms of generating new knowledge. The research paper endeavours to offer new theoretical and conceptual frameworks for the study of foreign SEZs. The research is based on concepts of hegemony by different schools of thought, including Hegemonic Stability Theory, the three types of hegemony by Yan Xuetong and Neo-Gramscianism. The authors introduce the concept of “local hegemony”. The authors also highlight the fact that most foreign SEZs emerge in territories of limited statehood (or create them). In order to prove vitality of the concept, comparative research of China’s SEZs in Mauritius and Zambia is conducted. The authors point out relatively poor institutional development of Zambia and the existence of stable democratic institutions in Mauritius. The success of the Chinese SEZ in Zambia is also partially attributed to copper mining. Deriving from economic and institutional empirical data the authors try to detect success conditions of SEZs and analyze the related spillover effects that contribute to the development of African nations. The reasons behind the failure of the Chinese SEZ in Mauritius are traced. Authors conclude that the concept of local hegemony is suitable for studying foreign SEZs and suggest that zones of local hegemony could be sustainable and effective in terms of development.

China will determine the future of the Mekong region

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mekong Region ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Regional Institution ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Belt And Road

Subject China's involvement in the Mekong region. Significance China’s Lancang-Mekong Cooperation initiative involves dam and development projects, special economic zones and trade. It is integrating the region into the Belt and Road Initiative and has largely eclipsed the existing regional institution established by the downstream Mekong states. Impacts China's Mekong policies may foreshadow its approach to other regions and issues as it becomes more active in world affairs. Beijing will try to reduce the risk of a backlash by funding poverty-alleviation, development and industrial projects in the region. China's activities in the South China Sea will increase other governments' suspicion regarding Chinese activities on the Mekong.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Liying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
External Demand ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Opening Up

The long-term gradual recovery of the world economy has provided a good international environment for entrepreneurship and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With the continuous deepening of reforms and policies such as “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” and “Internet Plus,” unprecedented policy dividends have benefited SMEs’ entrepreneurship and innovation. In particular, the new round of opening up, led by “The Belt and Road” construction, will stimulate more external demand, which will provide good opportunities for the development of SMEs. With the current weak foundation for the recovery of the world economy, there are still many uncertainties. The problem of insufficient and imbalanced domestic economic development is still outstanding, and economic development still faces many difficulties and challenges. Overall, the international and domestic environment faced by China’s SMEs is improving.

scholarly journals Under the “Belt and Road” initiative, the China and Ukraine governments should assume greater responsibility to promote trade

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Haipeng Zhao ◽  
K. Bliumska-Danko ◽  
Xu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose: Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, has a good geographical location, and has good bilateral relations and traditional economic exchanges with China, especially agriculture, high-tech, and existing and ongoing cooperation projects with China. "There are also difficulties in construction: Ukraine's economy has been in a difficult period since independence, its economic structure is very uneven, and its economic relations with Eastern European and CIS countries, as well as Russian economic relations, need to be improved. Ukraine needs to restore its national strength. China's "Belt and Road" initiative and the diplomatic concept of building a community of shared future for mankind have determined that the Chinese government is willing to help Ukraine restore its strength and restore normal political, economic, and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. It will benefit the people through the improvement of the national economy This article aims to analyze how the two sides can use the "Belt and Road" platform to develop economic relations and strengthen cooperation to achieve mutual benefit results. Methodology: This article uses the literature research method, the combination of analysis and synthesis methods, observation method, investigation method. Originality: Since the Soviet Union, Ukraine has started friendly exchanges with China. After the founding of New China in 1949, Ukraine, as a part of the Soviet Union, made a greater contribution to China establishment of its national steel, machinery, agriculture and other basic industries. After Ukraine's independence, China-Ukraine relations have entered a new stage. China was the first country to recognize Ukraine's independence and established diplomatic relations with it on January 4, 1992. In the past 30 years of Ukraine's independence, the two countries have not had any conflicts of interest and no serious political and economic contradictions. The "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by Xi Jinping in 2013 provided a new platform for bilateral relations and created unprecedented opportunities for the development of bilateral relations. In the "Belt and Road" construction, Ukraine should play a greater role. Practical value: Participating in the "Belt and Road" construction is also a very important opportunity for Ukraine, helping the Chinese people to have a more comprehensive and clearer understanding of Ukraine, and more importantly, it is conducive to the trade between the two countries to bring more Ukrainian enterprises Trade exchanges to drive the economic development of Ukraine. Politically, Ukraine and China have good bilateral relations；On June 20, 2011, the two sides signed the "China-Ukraine Joint Partnership on the Establishment and Development of Strategic Partnerships. Economically, Ukraine and China have complementary economies. Economic exchanges have been established since the Soviet Union. In recent years, the existing and ongoing cooperation between Ukraine and China has continued to develop in high-tech fields such as agriculture, machine manufacturing, and aviation. More and more Ukrainian experts have pointed out that developing relations between Ukraine and China should become a priority direction of Ukraine's current foreign policy. Ukraine has a strong advantage in agriculture, military industry, and manufacturing, especially the engine manufacturing industry, and can develop machine manufacturing; Ukraine can provide transportation for China “Belt and Road” Convenient conditions.

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