Climate Change and Farmers’ Adaptation: Extension and Capacity Building of Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 379-410
Author(s):  
Urban B. Kalimba ◽  
Richard J. Culas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Exploring the concept of place in the literature on smallholder farmers and climate change adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Tetteh Quarshie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Place Meaning ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Climate Shocks

This critical review paper expands on the meaning of place. It opens a new narrative on how the geographic concept of place is conceptualized in smallholder farmers and climate change adaptation literature in Sub-Saharan Africa. The review suggested that place is not only the 'where' of a location but a location geographically connected and interdependent to illustrate how smallholder farmers' experiences in adapting to climate shocks interact with global efforts such as improving food security, eliminating poverty and building sustainable rural livelihood. Through the various climate change adaptation strategies exhibited by different farmer groups, the paper demonstrated that people in places have the agency to make choices that control their destinies irrespective of whatever global force overwhelms them. The paper argues sense of place expressed through ecological place meaning shapes people's intuition, beliefs, actions and experiences as illustrated by smallholders' perception of the determinant and barriers to effective adaptation strategies. The ecological place meaning also influences the 'glocalization' of climate impact on agroecological-based livelihoods at different locations and how maladaptive outcomes are perceived. Place gives people identity by (re)shaping actions and experiences and vice versa. There is an undeviating relationship between power, place and people's experience. Further exploration of the relationship between lifeworld experiences, people, and power is central in understanding the meaning of place to smallholder farmers and climate change interaction

scholarly journals The value of climate-resilient seeds for smallholder adaptation in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 1213-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar J. Cacho ◽  
Jonathan Moss ◽  
Philip K. Thornton ◽  
Mario Herrero ◽  
Ben Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Climate Shocks

Abstract Climate change is threatening food security in many tropical countries, where a large proportion of food is produced by vulnerable smallholder farmers. Interventions are available to offset many of the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture, and they can be tailored to local conditions often through relative modest investments. However, little quantitative information is available to guide investment or policy choices at a time when countries and development agencies are under pressure to implement policies that can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals while coping with climate change. Among smallholder adaptation options, developing seeds resilient to current and future climate shocks expected locally is one of the most important actions available now. In this paper, we used national and local data to estimate the costs of climate change to smallholder farmers in Malawi and Tanzania. We found that the benefits from adopting resilient seeds ranged between 984 million and 2.1 billion USD during 2020–2050. Our analysis demonstrates the benefits of establishing and maintaining a flexible national seed sector with participation by communities in the breeding, delivery, and adoption cycle.

scholarly journals Family Physician Perceptions of Climate Change, Migration, Health, and Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6323
Author(s):  
Charlotte Scheerens ◽  
Els Bekaert ◽  
Sunanda Ray ◽  
Akye Essuman ◽  
Bob Mash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Migration

Although family physicians (FPs) are community-oriented primary care generalists and should be the entry point for the population’s interaction with the health system, they are underrepresented in research on the climate change, migration, and health(care) nexus (hereafter referred to as the nexus). Similarly, FPs can provide valuable insights into building capacity through integrating health-determining sectors for climate-resilient and migration-inclusive health systems, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Here, we explore FPs’ perceptions on the nexus in SSA and on intersectoral capacity building. Three focus groups conducted during the 2019 WONCA-Africa conference in Uganda were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Participants’ perceived interactions related to (1) migration and climate change, (2) migration for better health and healthcare, (3) health impacts of climate change and the role of healthcare, and (4) health impacts of migration and the role of healthcare were studied. We coined these complex and reinforcing interactions as continuous feedback loops intertwined with socio-economic, institutional, and demographic context. Participants identified five intersectoral capacity-building opportunities on micro, meso, macro, and supra (international) levels: multi-dimensional and multi-layered governance structures; improving FP training and primary healthcare working conditions; health advocacy in primary healthcare; collaboration between the health sector and civil society; and more responsibilities for high-income countries. This exploratory study presents a unique and novel perspective on the nexus in SSA which contributes to interdisciplinary research agendas and FP policy responses on national, regional, and global levels.

scholarly journals Tackling adverse health effects of climate change and migration through intersectoral capacity building in Sub-Saharan Africa

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101065
Author(s):  
Charlotte Scheerens ◽  
Ilse Ruyssen ◽  
Sunanda Ray ◽  
An De Sutter ◽  
Wouter Vanhove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Climate Change and the Future Heat Stress Challenges among Smallholder Farmers in East Africa

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Genesis Tambang Yengoh ◽  
Jonas Ardö
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa remains dependent on high inputs of human labor, a situation associated with direct exposure to daylight heat during critical periods of the agricultural calendar. We ask the question: how is the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) going to be distributed in the future, and how will this affect the ability of smallholder farmers to perform agricultural activities? Data from general circulation models are used to estimate the distribution of WBGT in 2000, 2050 and 2100, and for high activity periods in the agricultural calendar. The distribution of WBGT is divided into recommended maximum WBGT exposure levels (°C) at different work intensities, and rest/work ratios for an average acclimatized worker wearing light clothing (ISO, 18). High WBGTs are observed during the two periods of the East African. In February to March, eastern and coastal regions of Kenya and Tanzania witness high WBGT values—some necessitating up to 75% rest/hour work intensities in 2050 and 2100. In August to September, eastern and northern Kenya and north and central Uganda are vulnerable to high WBGT values. Designing policies to address this key challenge is a critical element in adaptation methods to address the impact of climate change.

scholarly journals Determinant factors of climate change adaptation by pastoral/agro-pastoral communities and smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Habtamu Taddele Menghistu ◽  
Amanuel Zenebe Abraha ◽  
Girmay Tesfay ◽  
Gebrehiwot Tadesse Mawcha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the determinant factors of climate change adaptation (CCA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach Studies that focused on determinant factors of CCA by crop–livestock farmers and pastoralists in SSA and written in English were reviewed from five major databases using the applications of Endnote and NVivo. The review process followed a sequence of steps to reach into the final selection. Findings A total of 3,028 papers were recovered from the databases and screened for duplicates (777) and publications before 2000 (218). The titles and abstracts of 2,033 papers were reviewed, and 1,903 of them were excluded owing to preliminary exclusion criteria. Finally, 130 papers were selected for full-text review and more detailed assessment, where 36 papers qualified for the final review. The most important determinant factors of CCA by pastoralists were household income, access to information, access to extension services, government support and access to market. In the case of agro-pastoralists, access to information, household income, age and land/livestock ownership were found as the major determinant factors. Household income, land ownership, access to information, farm size, household size and access to extension services were the determinant factors found for CCA by smallholder farmers. Research limitations/implications This systematic review identified the major determinant factors according to production systems and highlights the importance of considering specific factors in designing CCA strategies. Originality/value After clearly stating the research question, a literature search was conducted from the major databases for climate-related research, and a comprehensive search was performed by two independent researchers.

scholarly journals A synthesis of the implementation ambivalence of REDD+ in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Divine Odame Appiah ◽  
Stephanie Esinu Adjoa Gbeddy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Change Initiatives ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Sub Saharan

Reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation and associated benefits (REDD+), has received much attention as one of the most controversial climate change initiatives, especially by forest fringed community actors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Southeast Asia, (SEA) who are skeptical of the scheme.The object of this paper is to examine the seeming potential benefits and accompanying risks and challenges of REDD+ on the livelihoods among smallholder farmers in SSA and SEA. The paper espouses the sustainability context of REDD+ projects as pro-poor forest management mechanisms; through the provision of alternative livelihood. This is achieved through critical review and critique of scientific articles, project reports and relevant documents on REDD+ interventions from a worldwide, regional to local scale. The paper identifies projects that seem to solidify claims that REDD+ projects are simply a new form of colonialism; which the West is using to take advantage of vulnerable groups in the South. The paper concludes with the need to actively engage sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian women in climate change mitigation benefit schemes on account of the expedient role women play in agricultural activities (which may involve deforestation and forest land degradation).

scholarly journals Local institutions and indigenous knowledge in adoption and scaling of climate-smart agricultural innovations among sub-Saharan smallholder farmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton Makate
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Purpose The purpose of this study is to discuss how enhancing the role of local institutions (LI) and incorporating indigenous knowledge (IK) in climate change adaptation planning can improve adoption and scaling success of climate-smart agriculture innovations. Design/methodology/approach A review of relevant literature from sub-Saharan Africa was used to answer the study research questions. Findings Embracing IK and LI in climate change adaptation projects can enhance adoption and scaling success of climate-smart agriculture innovations in smallholder farming. Such efforts will improve: information gathering and dissemination, mobilization of resources, establishment of useful networks with relevant stakeholders, capacity building farmers on various fronts and provision of leadership in climate adaptation programs. Practical implications Fully embracing IK and LI can improve the scaling of climate-smart innovations only if development partners recognize IK systems that are to be transformed and build on them instead of trying to replace them. Also, participatory approaches in scaling innovations will enhance input from rural people in climate change adaptation programs. Originality/value Development interventions aimed at taking proven effective climate-smart innovations to scale must, therefore, engage local communities and their indigenous institutions as active stakeholders in designing, planning and implementation of their climate adaptation programs.

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