Physical, Chemical, and Biological Remediation Techniques for Textile Effluents in Context with Developed and Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-441
Author(s):  
Anum Mahmood ◽  
Barira Bilal ◽  
Zainab Naeem ◽  
Shazia Iram
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Biological Remediation

Comparative Overview of Different Physical-Chemical Treatments Applied for Real Textile Effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Zaharia ◽  
Victor Amarandei ◽  
Augustin Muresan
Keyword(s):  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Materials Used

The paper presents different physical-chemical treatment applications for textile effluents (i.e. one-single or mixed treatment stages as coagulation-flocculation, homogenous advanced oxidation with hydrogen peroxide as Fenton-like processes, sorption applied for different textile wastewaters followed by sedimentation and/or filtration). The efficiencies of textile wastewater treatments in terms of effluent quality, treatment degree, and optimal operating parameters (i.e. pH, concentration of chemical reagents and materials used, temperature, operating regime, and time) are discussed, together with some restrictions and recommendations. These data concerning different effluent treatments are useful to the environmental management staff but also to all employees that adopted an environmental attitude (EA) in all them behaviour. The concern of solving inside environmental problems (mainly focused on quality of final effluent discharge in aquatic receptor and/or treated effluent recycling), and acting into an ethical, legal and viable manner is necessary and obligatory in the present condition of fresh water deficit, pollution increasing of natural surface water resources, and its variety and/or complexity.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

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