Adjustments for a Class of Tests Under Nonstandard Conditions

Author(s):  
Fumiya Akashi ◽  
Masanobu Taniguchi ◽  
Anna Clara Monti ◽  
Tomoyuki Amano
Author(s):  
Marek Rejman ◽  
Anna Kwaśna ◽  
Magdalena Chrobot ◽  
Per-Ludvik Kjendlie ◽  
Robert K Stalmann

In this study, we compared adolescents’ actual (expert assessed) front crawl swimming skills to their self-assessment in two conditions: in standard swimming (wearing a swimsuit and goggles) and in a simulated risk scenario (swimming in plain clothes without goggles). We postulated that education focused on water competencies is fundamental in preventing drownings. Experts evaluated the skills of 21 female and 21 male adolescents in both standard and challenging conditions. All were low-skilled swimmers aged 14–15 years. Participants were asked to self-assess their skills before and after each trial. Boys and girls covered the same distance in both trials. Their self-assessment did not change regardless of the difficulty of the conditions. Girls assessed themselves more accurately than boys. However, boys who underestimated their skills showed greater ability to utilise the experience gained from performing the task for a more accurate self-assessment. In conclusion, adolescents should be educated in total water competencies, and not merely in swimming skills. For girls, “water readiness” is thought to broaden their ability to adapt their swimming skills to nonstandard conditions. Aquatic education for boys should focus on developing self-reflection in order to create a long-lasting responsibility using their own swimming skills.


1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pollard

This paper describes some techniques for proving asymptotic normality of statistics defined by maximization of random criterion function. The techniques are based on a combination of recent results from the theory of empirical processes and a method of Huber for the study of maximum likelihood estimators under nonstandard conditions.


2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 4031-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Culbertson ◽  
Joshua T. B. Williams ◽  
Wayland W. L. Cheng ◽  
Dee Ann Stults ◽  
Emily R. Wiebracht ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel Alfonso Romero-Toledo ◽  
Dan Florin Teusdea ◽  
Mircea Vodă

This article studies the influence of the tensile speed when testing plastic products used to transport containers that may contain various liquids (drinking water, windshield fluid, cleaning agents, etc.). This case study was conducted on certain parts, generally called "handles", which are basically plastic items obtained largely from recycled technological waste resulting from the injection process of various packaging related to the food industry polyethylene caps and lids more precisely. During the handling and transport process, these parts are subjected to various static stresses, therefore, a minimum mechanical resistance is required. Fatigue stress has not been performed due to a limited number of duty cycles. To determine these quality characteristics, multiple measurements of tensile strength and elongations were performed at different traction speeds, measurements that have been validated on the market for several years. We have observed that testing speed over 500 mm/min is not necessary because the tensile strength values do not vary significantly. These results are very important in determining the constructive form of these products and the methods for validating quality indicators. Also, we have proposed to identify a method able to assess the mechanical performance of the product used in nonstandard conditions. The study can be used for a much wider range of similar applications in the plastics industry.


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