Central Banknotes and Black Markets: The Case of the Japanese Economy During and Immediately After World War II

What has been happening to “Economic Democracy” in Japan within the past twenty years since the end of World War II? Has die emphasis upon rapid economic growth countered the measures intended by the Allied Occupation to ensure economic democracy?The democratic economy the Supreme Command of the Allied Powers envisioned for Japan in the years 1946-1948 was to be free of highly concentrated economic power, either in the hands of Zaibatsu or of giant corporations, was to have an Anti-Monopoly Act to promote “the democratic and wholesome development of the national economy as well as to assure the interest of the general consumer,” and was to have a “just and equal” tax law to “democratize the Japanese economy.” A thorough-going land reform and legal bona fide trade union movement also was declared to be a necessary part of economic democracy. It was, in the words of the Zaibatsu Mission, to build “a strong middle class which can influence the course of policy.”

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Introduction

The Art of the Bribe ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300175257.003.0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

James Heinzen

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Black Markets ◽

World War ◽

Stalin Era ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

The Soviet Union

This introductory chapter establishes the book’s area of interest as the culture of bribery, corruption, and black markets that took root in the Soviet Union during the important years between World War II and Stalin’s death in 1953. This study will challenge the view that there was a sharp break between the Stalin era and the “stagnation” era of Brezhnev and his immediate successors (1964–1985), which has commonly been thought of as brazenly venal, with its graft, abetted by political sclerosis and bureaucratization at all levels. Those who seek to understand the roots of the corruption that infected the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev years should look earlier, to the postwar Stalin period.

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Selling Liberia: Moss H. Kendrix, the Liberian Centennial Commission, and the Post-World War II Trade in Black Progress

Enterprise & Society ◽

10.1093/es/kht017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 303-326

Author(s):

Brenna W. Greer

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

World War Ii ◽

African Americans ◽

Public Relations ◽

National Security ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

Self Determination ◽

Black Markets ◽

World War ◽

The Republic

This article examines the activities of Moss H. Kendrix, a budding black entrepreneur and Public Relations Officer for the Centennial Commission of the Republic of Liberia, during the years immediately following World War II. To secure US investment in Liberia’s postwar development, Kendrix re-presented African Americans and Americo-Liberians as new markets valuable to US economic growth and national security. This article argues that his tactics advanced the global significance of black peoples as modern consumers and his worth as a black markets specialist, while simultaneously legitimating notions of progress that frustrated black claims for unconditional self-determination or first-class citizenship. Kendrix’s public relations work on behalf of Liberia highlights intersections between postwar black entrepreneurialism and politics and US foreign relations, as well as the globalization of US business and consumerism.

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SERVICE OVERTIME DAN KAROSHI : KONSEKUENSI DARI ETOS KERJA JEPANG

IZUMI ◽

10.14710/izumi.4.2.24-31 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Arsi Widiandari

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Social Problem ◽

Work Ethic ◽

Japanese Economy ◽

Work Culture ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

World War ◽

Developed Country ◽

Lifetime Employment

After defeated on World War II, Japan economy has recover and become one of developed country in Asia. One of the factor that give contribute to Japanese economy rising is Japanese spirit. Company usually teached work culture to every worker that can be seen from Japanese work ethic. For example ideology of Family Methaphore, Shushin Koyo seido (Lifetime employment) Nenko Joretsu ( Salary based on seniority ) and Kigyou betsu Kumiai (Union based on corporation). The work culture practice in Japan company has had positive and negative consequences. As we know, that it has great contributed to Japanese economy development it self. But, it also bring a number of social problem especially to many workers. Service overtime and Karoshi are the example of the consequences of Japan work ethic practice until nowadays. Worker are expected to give their deducation and loyality to job company. This paper will try to give explanation about the consequences of Japan work ethic practice in Japan.

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