India’s Major Subsurface Pollutants Under Future Climatic Scenarios: Challenges and Remedial Solutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj K. Gupta ◽  
Basant Yadav ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Scenarios

scholarly journals Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Csaba Mátyás ◽  
František Beran ◽  
Jaroslav Dostál ◽  
Jiří Čáp ◽  
Martin Fulín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Unique Potential

Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results revealed the high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios are insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Besides silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100 mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual inventory assessments, considering also the resilience of populations. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.

scholarly journals Wetland Restoration with Hydrophytes: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Maria A. Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
Negative Factors

Restoration cases with hydrophytes (those which develop all their vital functions inside the water or very close to the water surface, e.g., flowering) are less abundant compared to those using emergent plants. Here, I synthesize the latest knowledge in wetland restoration based on revegetation with hydrophytes and stress common challenges and potential solutions. The review mainly focusses on natural wetlands but also includes information about naturalized constructed wetlands, which nowadays are being used not only to improve water quality but also to increase biodiversity. Available publications, peer-reviewed and any public domain, from the last 20 years, were reviewed. Several countries developed pilot case-studies and field-scale projects with more or less success, the large-scale ones being less frequent. Using floating species is less generalized than submerged species. Sediment transfer is more adequate for temporary wetlands. Hydrophyte revegetation as a restoration tool could be improved by selecting suitable wetlands, increasing focus on species biology and ecology, choosing the suitable propagation and revegetation techniques (seeding, planting). The clear negative factors which prevent the revegetation success (herbivory, microalgae, filamentous green algae, water and sediment composition) have to be considered. Policy-making and wetland restoration practices must more effectively integrate the information already known, particularly under future climatic scenarios.

scholarly journals Modelling the amphibian chytrid fungus spread by connectivity analysis: towards a national monitoring network in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Costa ◽  
Lorenzo Dondero ◽  
Giorgia Allaria ◽  
Bryan Nelson Morales Sanchez ◽  
Giacomo Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Landscape Permeability ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

AbstractThe emerging amphibian disease, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is driving population declines worldwide and even species extinctions in Australia, South and Central America. In order to mitigate effects of Bd on amphibian populations, high-exposed areas should be identified at the local scale and effective conservation measures should be planned at the national level. This assessment is actually lacking in the Mediterranean basin, and in particular in Italy, one of the most relevant amphibian diversity hotspots in the entire region. In this study, we reviewed the available information on Bd in Italy, and conducted a 5-year molecular screening on 1274 individual skin swabs belonging to 18 species. Overall, we found presence of Bd in 13 species and in a total of 56 known occurrence locations for peninsular Italy and Sardinia. We used these occurrence locations and climate data to model habitat suitability of Bd for current and future climatic scenarios. We then employed electric circuit theory to model landscape permeability to the diffusion of Bd, using a resistance map. With this procedure, we were able to model, for the first time, the diffusion pathways of Bd at the landscape scale, characterising the main future pathways towards areas with a high probability of Bd occurrence. Thus, we identified six national protected areas that will become pivotal for a nationally-based strategic plan in order to monitor, mitigate and possibly contrast Bd diffusion in Italy.

scholarly journals Prediction of meteorological and hydrological phenomena by different climatic scenarios in the Karkheh watershed (south west of Iran)

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Adib ◽  
Seyedeh Batool Mirsalari ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ashrafi
Keyword(s):  
South West ◽  
Climatic Scenarios

Spatiotemporal Trend and Variability of Precipitation in Taiwan Based on Multi-dimensional Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsiang Tang ◽  
Christina W. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Spatial Locality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Climatic Scenarios

<p>Abstract</p><p>Most of the time series in nature are nonlinear and nonstationary affected by climate change particularly. It is inevitable that Taiwan has also experienced frequent drought events in recent years. However, drought events are natural disasters with no clear warnings and their influences are cumulative. The difficulty of detecting and analyzing the drought phenomenon remains. To deal with the above-mentioned problem, Multi-dimensional Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD) is introduced to analyze the temperature and rainfall data from 1975~2018 in this study, which is a powerful method developed for the time-frequency analysis of nonlinear, nonstationary time series. This method can not only analyze the spatial locality and temporal locality of signals but also decompose the multiple-dimensional time series into several Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). By the set of IMFs, the meaningful instantaneous frequency and the trend of the signals can be observed. Considering stochastic and deterministic influences, to enhance the accuracy this study also reconstruct IMFs into two components, stochastic and deterministic, by the coefficient of auto-correlation.</p><p>In this study, the influences of temperature and precipitation on the drought events will be discussed. Furthermore, to decrease the significant impact of drought events, this study also attempts to forecast the occurrences of drought events in the short-term via the Artificial Neural Network technique. And, based on the CMIP5 model, this study also investigates the trend and variability of drought events and warming in different climatic scenarios.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Multi-dimensional Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD), Intrinsic Mode Function(IMF), Drought</p>

Drought Climatology and Development of the Climatic Scenarios

1988 ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
Martin L. Parry ◽  
Timothy R. Carter ◽  
Nicolaas T. Konijn
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Scenarios
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